2 – Iswalat

Iswala eshanu ni imwe mu nkingi zigize Islam. Iyo nkingi ikaba ikurikira ubuhamya bubiri “SHAHADAT” ikaba ari itegeko ku mwemeramana ndetse n’umwemeramanakazi uko ibihe byaba bimeze kose haba mu gihe cy’amahoro cyangwa mu2 gihe cy’ubwoba, yaba ari muzima (atarwaye) cyangwa arwaye, yaba ari kurugendo cyangwa se atari kurugendo buri gihe muri ibyo byose tuvuze bifite Iswala (iswala) ijyanye nacyo.

Igisobanuro cy’Iswala (Iswala)

Iswala ni ubwoko bw’Iswala rigizwe n’imvugo hamwe n’ibikorwa byagenwe ritangizwa na “TAK’BIRA” rikarangizwa na “TAS’LIM” (indamutso isoza).

Impamvu zo gutegekwa Iswala

Iswala ni urumuri, nk’uko urumuri barwifashaisha mu kubona; bityo rero n’iswala nayo iyobora uyikora mu byiza ikamubuza kugwa mu bibi kandi ikamurinda ibizira n’ubwononnyi.

Iswala ihuza umugaragu n’Umuremyi we kandi ikaba ku isonga mu idini, umuislamu abona mu iswala ibintu byinshi birimo ituze mu mutima we, impuhwe z’Uwiteka no kumutabara, igakemura ibibazo bye akaruhuka n’imihangayiko y’isi akajya ahora yumva mu gituza cye hagutse, roho ye igahora ituje.

Iswala ifite ibikorwa bigaragara byaba iby’umubiri nk’igihagararo, kwicara, kunama no kubama n’ibindi bikorwa hamwe n’imvugo.

Ikanagira ibindi bitagaragarira buri wese bikorerwa mu mutima nko kwibombarika, gutinya, kwemera, kwicisha bugufi, urukundo abikoramo, gusingiza no gushimira Imana.

Iswala igira umubiri ikagira na roho; Umubiri w’Iswala ni igihagararo mu iswala, kunama, kubama, kwicara no gusoma imwe mu mirongo ya Qor’ani.

Naho roho y’Iswala: ni ugusingiza Imana no kuyibombarikaho, kuyisaba, kuyicuzaho no gusabira Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yo n’abiwe n’abagandukiramana.

Imana yategetse buri muislamu wese nyuma y’ubuhamya bwombi ibintu bine, akaba ari nabyo yakwitaho cyane mu buzima bwe aribyo iswala, amaturo (Zakat), igisibo (Swawumu) n’umutambagiro (Hija) ibyo bikaba arizo nkingi zigize ubuislamu, buri imwe muri izo nkingi ikaba ifite uburyo bwayo bwihariye ikorwamo mugushyira gahunda n’amategeko y’Imana mu bikorwa, haba gukoresha roho cyangwa se umutungo kugirango umuntu abashe kubaho mubuzima bwe bwose ari mu bugandukiramana no mubyo Imana n’Intumwa yayo bakunda.

Mu gukora iswala, umuislamu ashyira amategeko y’Imana mu bikorwa akoresheje ibice byose by’umubiri bikamumenyereza kumvira Imana no gukora ibyo imusaba mu buzima bwe bwose haba mu mico ye no mu mibanire ye na bagenzi be, mu mirire ye no mu myambarire ye, bityo agahora yubaha Uwiteka haba mu iswala cyangwa hanze yaryo.

Iswala ihanagura ibyaha nk’uko amazi akuraho umwanda. Ibi tubisanga mu mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yakiriwe na ABU HURAYIRAT Imana imwishimire aragira ati:

“Numvise Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) igira iti: “Mubona umwe murimwe afite umugezi unyura imbere y’irembo rye awiyuhagiramo inshuro eshanu ku munsi, ese hari umwanda namuke wamurangwaho?” Baramusubiza bati: “Ntamwanda wamurangwaho”. Intumwa y’Imana yahise ivuga iti: “Ni kimwe nk’iswala eshanu ku munsi kuko zihanagura ibyaha umuntu aba yakoze”.

Ibyo Imana yategetse abagaragu bayo bigabanyijemo ibice bibiri:

1. Ibyo umutima w’umuntu wishimira nko kurya ibyiza Imana yaduhitiyemo, kurongora abagore babiri kugeza kuri bane, guhiga byaba mu mazi cyangwa ku gasozi n’ibindi.

Ibyo umutima w’umuntu uba utishimiye birimo ibice bibiri:

* Amategeko y’Imana yoroshye nko gusingiza Imana, Iswala y’umugereka, iswala eshanu, gusoma Qor’ani n’ibindi byoroheje.

*Amategeko y’Imana aremereye nko gukora ibwirizabutumwa, kubuza ibibi no gutegeka ibyiza, intambara ntagatifu n’ibindi

Umwanya Iswala ifite muri Islam

Iswala eshanu buri munsi, ni itegeko kuri buri muislamu ugejeje igihe cy’ubukure yaba ari umugabo cyangwa se umugore uretse umugore cyangwa umukobwa bari mu mihango n’igihe umugore ari mu bisanza kugera igihe bisukuriye. Uwiteka aragira ati: “Mukuri iswala ni itegeko kubemeramana kandi yashyiriweho ibihe byayo biteganyijwe”. Qor’an 4:103

Nanone Imana aragira ati: “Nimwubahirize Iswala cyane cyane iswala ryo hagati kandi mukore igihagararo mwibombaritse kubera Imana”. Qor’an 2 :238

Imvugo yakiriwe na ABDALLAH mwene OMAR (Imana ibishimire bombi), aragira ati: “Intumwa y’Imana (amahoro n’imigisha bibe kuri yo) iragira iti: “Islamu yubatse ku nkingi eshanu: Guhamya ko ntayindi Mana iriho ikwiye gusengwa m’ukuri, uretse Imana imwe Rukumbi, no guhamya ko Muhammadi ari Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha), gusali gatanu ku munsi, gutanga amaturo (Zakat), gusiba igisibo cy’ukwezi kwa Ramadhani no gukora umutambagiro mutagatifu ku ngoro y’Imana iri iMakka”.

Imvugo yakiriwe na ABDALLAH mwene ABAS (Imana ibishimire), Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yohereje MUADH BUN JABAL muri YEMEN aramubwira ati: “Uzabahamagarire guhamya ko ntayindi Mana iriho ikwiye gusengwa m’ukuri uretse Imana imwe rukumbi kandi ko nanjye ndi Intumwa yayo, ibyo nibamara kubyemera ubabwire (ubigishe) ko Imana yabategetse gusali gatanu ku munsi”

Ibimenyetso by’ubugimbuke.

Ibimenyetso by’ubugimbuke harimo ibihuriweho n’ibitsina byombi. Muribyo hari: kugira imyaka cumi n’itanu y’amavuko, kumera ubucakwaha n’umusatsi wo mu myanya y’ibanga, n’ibindi..

Hakabaho n’ibimenyetso byihariwe n’igitsina gore gusa; muribyo twavuga nko gutwita, kujya mu mihango y’ukwezi, n’ibindi

Umwana atangira gutozwa gusari afite imyaka irindwi, agacishwaho akanyafu iyo atabikoze igihe ageze ku myaka icumi.

Akamaro k’Iswala

Imvugo yakiriwe na ABU HURAYIRA Imana imwishimire, Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti: “Igikorwa cya mbere umugaragu azabarurirwa ku munsi w’imperuka ni iswala; nitungana azagororerwa, nihaba hari ibidatunganyemo bavuge bati: “Murebe niba hari icyo mwamubonera mu iswala ze z’imigereka yakuzurisha ibibura mu iswala ze babone gukurikizaho ibindi bikorwa”. Yakiriwe na ANASAI na IBUN MAAJAH.

Umubare w’Iswala z’itegeko.

Imana yategetse Iswala mu ijoro rya “AL IS’RAA na MIRAJI” (Kuzamurwa kw’Intumwa mu ijuru) nta muhuza hagati ye n’Imana, mbere y’iyimuka ry’Intumwa y’Imana ho umwaka, iva i Makka ijya i Madina. Imana yazitegetse ari Iswala mirongo itanu ku manywa na n’ijoro kuri buri muislamu, ibi bikaba byerekana agaciro k’izo swala n’uburyo Imana izikunda. Imana yaje kuzigabanya izigira eshanu mukuzishyira mubikorwa, naho kubihembo zikomeza kuba mirongo itanu (bivuze ko uzasari Iswala eshanu kumunsi azabona ibihembo nk’ibyuwakoze Iswala mirongo itanu kumunsi) kubera impuhwe z’Uwiteka ku bagaragu be. Iswala z’itegeko kuri buri muislamu na buri muislamukazi zikorwa buri munsi ni eshanu, arizo:

1. DHUHURI : Iswala ikorwa ku manywa

2. AL ASW’RI : Iswala ikorwa kugicamunsi

3. AL MAGH’RIBI : Iswala ikorwa ku mugoroba

4. AL ISHAA : Iswala ikorwa nijoro.

5. AL FAJ’RI : Iswala ikorwa mu rukerera

Guhakana no kureka Iswala.

Umuntu uhakana ko iswala ari itegeko, aba abaye umuhakanyi, kimwe n’umuntu ureka gusari kubera ko atabiha agaciro cyangwa se akareka gusari kubera ubunebwe. Uwo muntu iyo ari injiji adasobanukiwe itegeko ry’Iswala arigishwa akabanza akabisobanurirwa, naho iyo ari umuntu ubisobanukiwe akareka gukora iswala, agirwa inama yo kwisubiraho mu gihe kingana n’iminsi itatu akicuza bitaba ibyo agakorerwa amategeko agenga abataye idini. Uwiteka aragira ati: “Nibaramuka bicujije bakanasari, bagatanga amaturo (Zakat), bazaba ari abavandimwe banyu mu idini”. Qor’an 9:11

Mu mvugo yakiriwe na JABIR (Imana imwishimire), Intumwa y’Imana Muhammadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti: “M’ukuri itandukaniro hagati y’umuntu no kubangikanya Imana n’ubuhakanyi ni ukureka iswala”. Yakiriwe na Muslim.

Kureka iswala byatuma umuntu aba umubangikanyamana cyangwa akaba umuhakanyi.

Muyindi mvugo yakiriwe na Ibn ABAS (Imana ibishimire), Intumwa y’Imana Muhammadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti: “Uzahindura idini ye muzamwice”.

Inkurikizi k’uhakana akanareka burundu Iswala.

Mugihe ari muzima: Ntiyemerewe gukomeza kubana n’umugore we igihe umugore we ari umuislamukazi, kandi nta nubwo aba akimugenga, ntaburenganzira aba anafite ku burere bw’abana, ntabwo azungura ababyeyi be igihe bo ari abaislamu, itungo yabaze riba ari ikizira, kandi nta nemerewe kwinjira ku butaka butagatifu bw’iMaka kubera ko aba ari umuhakanyi.

Igihe yitabye Imana: ntiyozwa, ntiyambikwa “isanda” ntibamusarira, ntashyingurwa mu marimba y’abaislamu, kubera ko atari umwe muri bo, nta nubwo asabirwa impuhwe z’Imana, abiwe ntibamuzungura, kandi Imana izamuhanisha umuriro.

Umuntu uretse iswala burundu aba ari umuhakanyi wavuye mu idini ye ya Islamu. Naho usari rimwe na rimwe ubundi akabireka uwo si umuhakanyi ahubwo ni umunyabyaha kandi aba akoze icyaha gihambaye hamwe n’uko aba ahuguje roho ye harimo no kuba agomeye Imana n’Intumwa yayo.

Ibyiza byo gutegereza Iswala

Mu mvugo yakiriwe na ABI HURAY’RAT (Imana imwishimire) Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti : “Umwemeramana (umugaragu) igihe cyose azaguma aho yakoreye Iswala ategereje indi swala, Abamalaika bamusabira ku Mana bagira bati: “Mana Nyagasani mubabarire ibyaha bye kandi umuhundagazeho impuhwe zawe, kugeza igihe agendeye cyangwa isuku ye yangiritse”. Yakiriwe na Bukhari na muslim.

Ibyiza byo kujya kumusigiti ufite isuku

Mu mvugo ya ABI AMAMAT (Imana imwishimire), Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti: “Usohotse mu rugo rwe afite isuku agiye gusari iswala y’itegeko, abona ibihembo nk’iby’uwakoze umutambagiro mutagatifu “HIJA” naho usohoka agiye gusari iswala yo kugasusuruko (ADWUHA) ntakindi agambiriye uretse gukora iswala, abona ibyiza nk’ibyuwakoze Umurat i Makka”.

Muyindi mvugo ya ABI HURAY’RAT Imana imwishimire yagize ati: “Intumwa y’Imana “Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha” yaravuze iti: “Uzisukurira (WUDHU) mu rugo rwe isuku yarangiza akagana kuri imwe mu misigiti y’Uwiteka kugira ngo akore iswala y’itegeko, intambwe ze agenda atera imwe imuhanagurira ibyaha bye, indi ikanamuzamura mu ntera kwa Nyagasani”.

Kwibombarika mu Iswala

Mu gihe umuntu akora Iswala agomba kwibombarika yita kuri ibi bikurikira:

•  Gusenga n’umutima we wose ntakindi atekereza uretse Iswala
•  Kugerageza gusobanukirwa ibyo asoma no gukurikira ibyo yumva basoma kuko bituma atajya hanze y’iswala.
•  Kubaha Imana bijyanye no kumenya ubuhambare bwayo igihe uhagaze imbere y’Imana.
•  Kwibombarika bijyanye no kumenya ububasha bw’Imana n’ubushobozi bwayo.
•  Kugira ibyiringiro by’uko uwo usenga azakugororera ku bw’Iswala ukora buri munsi.
•  Kugira isoni zo kudashimira inema z’Imana yaguhundagajeho.

ADHANA NA IQAMAT

ADHANA:
Ni uguhamagara umenyesha ko igihe cy’iswala kigeze. Uku guhamagara (ADHANA) kwashyizweho n’Imana mu mwaka wa mbere w’iyimuka ry’Intumwa y’Imana ijya i Madina. Ikaba ifite imvugo zabigenewe.

Impamvu yashyizweho

ADHANA imenyesha ko igihe cy’iswala kigeze bikerekana agaciro k’iswala inahamagarira abantu kugana mu nsengero bagakora iswala ry’imbaga (SWALAT JAMA) rigira ibyiza byinshi bitandukanye.

ADHANA yibutsa abibagiwe iswala, ikaba ifite ibyiza bihebuje ikanegereza umugaragu Umuremyi we kandi uwo niwo munezero, ADHANA ikaba ariyo yibutsa abaislamu kudacikwa n’iyo migisha.

IQAMAT:
Nayo yashyizweho n’Imana kugira ngo yibutse abantu guhaguruka bagakora “iswala”. Ikaba ifite imvugo zabugenewe.

Umwanya wa Adhana na Iqamat muri Islam.

ADHANA na IQAMAT ni umugenzo usabwa gukorwa na bamwe mukigwi cy’abandi, abasigaye batabikoze ntibabiryozwe.

ADHANA na IQAMAT ni umwihariko ngombwa ku bagabo gusa baba abatuye, cyangwa abari kurugendo, bikaba biba ku iswala eshanu z’itegeko, hamwe n’iswala y’ijuma (kuwa gatanu).

Kugira ngo ADHANA ibe yuzuye igomba kuzuza ibi bikurikira:

•  Imvugo ziyigize zigomba kuba zuzuye.
•  Gukurikiranya imvugo ku yindi.
•  Kuba hadaciyemo umwanya munini hagati y’imvugo n’iyindi.
•  Kuba igihe cy’iswala kigeze.
•  Uhamagara agomba kuba ari umuislamu w’umugabo, w’inyangamugayo.
•  Kuba afite ubwenge.
•  Kuvuga imvugo zayo mu rurimi rw’icyarabu.
•  Kurangurura ijwi ari ahirengereye.

Iyo umuislamu cyangwa umuislamukazi yumvise ADHANA asubira muby’uhamagara avuga uretse aho bavuga bati:

 “HAYA ALA SWALAT (Ni mugane iswala)”, “HAYA ALAL FALAH (Ni mugane ibyishimo)”, icyo gihe we aravuga ati: “LA HAW’LA WALA QUWATA ILA BILAHI (Nta buryo nta n’ubushobozi uretse ku bw’Imana)”. Icyo gihe uwo usubiramo ibyo uhamagara avuga, nawe abona ibihembo nk’iby’uhamagara.

Ibyiza bya ADHANA

Ni byiza ko uhamagarira iswala azamura ijwi rye kuko buri cyose cyumvise ADHANA ku munsi w’imperuka kizaba umuhamya wuwo muhamagaro, kinasabire imbabazi uhamagara anandikirwe ibyiza bingana n’abazitabira uwo muhamagaro. Mu mvugo yakiriwe na ABU HURAY’RAT Imana imwishimire, Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaragize iti:

 “Iyo abantu baza kumenya ibyiza biri muri ADHANA no kujya kumurongo wa mbere inyuma ya Imamu mu gihe cy’ iswala, ntibabashe kubibona batabikoreye tombola, byari kuba ngombwa ko bayikora”. Yakiriwe na Bukhari na Muslim

Muyindi mvugo yakiriwe na MUAWIYA mwene ABU SUFIYANI Imana imwishimire yaravuze ati:

 “Numvise Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) ivuga iti: “Abahamagarira iswala (ADHANA) ku munsi w’imperuka bazazurwa basumba abantu bose kumunsi w’imperuka”. Yakiriwe na Muslim.

Uburyo bwa ADHANA bwakoreshejwe ku gihe cy’Intumwa y’Imana.

ADHANA ya BILALI BUN RABAH Imana imwishimire yajyaga ahamagarira iswala (ADHANA) mu gihe cy’Intumwa y’Imana ikaba ifite interuro cumi n’eshanu (15) akaba ari nayo ikoreshwa ahenshi.

ADHANA ya ABI MAHADHURAT Imana imwishimire yajyaga ahamagarira iswala (ADHANA) igizwe n’interuro cumi n’icyenda (19).

ADHANA ijya kumera nk’iya ABI MAHADHURAT uretse ko yo “TAK’BIRA” za mbere igira ebyiri gusa ikagira interuro cumina zirindwi (17).

Interuro za ADHANA ni ngombwa ko zisubirwamo kabiri kabiri, uretse interuro yanyuma LA ILAHA ILA ALLAHU ivugwa rimwe gusa.

Nk’uko tubisanga mu mvugo yakiriwe na ABDALLAH mwene OMAR Imana imwishimire aragira ati:

 “Mugihe cy’Intumwa y’Imana twajyaga duhamagarira iswala (ADHANA) buri nteruro inshuro ebyiri ebyiri naho muguhagurutsa iswala (IQAMAT) inshuro imwe imwe uretse aho bagira bati: “QAD QAMATI SWALAT” niho bavugaga inshuro ebyiri”. Yakiriwe na Abu Dawuda na Nasaii

Kuri ubwo buryo bwose bwa ADHANA, ku iswala ya mugitondo (AL FAJIRI), nyuma ya “HAYA ALAL FALAH” bongeraho “ASWALATU KHAY’RU MINA NAW’MU” (Iswala ni nziza kurusha ibitotsi) uretse muri Adhana ya mbere y’umugereka ibanziriza iy’itegeko niho bitavugwa kuko itambuka mbere y’igihe cy’iswala.

Muri islamu Adhana zitorwa ku ijuma ni ebyiri, iya mbere itambuka hakiri kare mu rwego rwo guhwitura abantu no kubibutsa kwitegura Ijuma nkuko byakozwe mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Uthmani, kandi Intumwa y’Imana ikaba yarategetse gukurikiza imigenzo y’abayobozi bane (4) bayoboye Islamu nyuma y’Intumwa. Iya kabiri ni ADHANA ikorwa igihe Imamu ageze kuri MIMBARI (ahatangirwa KHUT’BAT arizo nyigisho zo kumunsi wa gatanu).

Imamu ntabwo ahemberwa ko yasalisha abantu (yayobora Iswala), kimwe na MUADHINI (Uhamagarira iswala) ntabwo ahemberwa kubera ko ahamagarira iswala (ADHANA), gusa biramutse bigaragaye ko iyo mirimo bayikorana n’indi nko kugenzura imigendekere myiza y’umusigiti, isuku, kuwurinda n’ibindi icyo gihe bagenerwa igihembo kugirango babashe gukemura ibibazo byabo.

Igihe umuntu yinjiye mu musigititi, barimo guhamagara (ADHANA), nibyiza ko ategereza ntihagire icyo akora ahubwo agakurikira anasubiramo ibyo uhamagara avuga kugeza igihe uhamagara arangirije guhamagara, kandi ntiyicare keretse arangije gusali raka ebyiri bita: “Tahiyatul Masjid (Indamutso y’umusigiti)”.

Igihe uhamagara arimo ahamagarira iswala (ADHANA) ntabwo umuntu yemerewe gusohoka mumusigititi ngo yigendere, keretse afite impamvu yemewe imwemerera gusohoka nk’uburwayi, gushaka isuku (gutawadha) k’uwacitswe n’isuku n’ibindi

IQAMAAT:

Uburyo bwa IQAMAT bwakoreshejwe ku gihe cy’Intumwa y’Imana Ningombwa ko iba itondetse neza kandi ikurikiranye muri bumwe mu buryo bukurikira:

IQAMAT ya BILALI Imana imwishimire yajyaga akora imbere y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha). Iyo IQAMAT igizwe n’interuro cumi n’imwe akaba ari nayo ikoreshwa cyane mu misigiti myinshi inyuranye yo ku isi.

IQAMAT ya ABI MAHADHURAT Imana imwishimire; igizwe n’interuro cumi na zirindwi.

Hari n’indi IQAMAT igizwe n’interuro icumi nayo yakozwe ku gihe cy’Intumwa y’Imana nkuko tubisanga mu mvugo yakiriwe na Abu Dawudi na Nasa’i.

Ni byiza ko umuntu akora ubusabe “DUA” hagati ya Adhana na Iqamat kandi biremewe kuba umuntu yanakoresha indangururamajwi (microphone) igihe cya Adhana na Iqamat n’Iswala ndetse na Khutuba (Inyigisho) igihe bibaye ngombwa, ariko iyo gukoresha indangururamajwi (microphone) bitera ikibazo cyangwa kubangamira abandi, icyo gihe indangururamajwi ivanwaho.

Ni byiza ko uwahamagariye iswala (Uwatoye Adhana) ari nawe uhagurukiriza iswala (Iqamat) byombi bigakorwa n’umuntu umwe.

ADHANA ni iya MUADHINI (Uhamagarira iswala) bivuga ko ariwe umenya igihe cyo guhamagara, naho IQAMAT ni iya Imamu bivuga ko ariwe utanga uburenganzira bwo guhagurukiriza iswala (IQAMAT).

Muri ADHANA ni byiza ko batandukanya interuro imwe imwe kandi bagasigamo akanya gato uretse interuro y’ijambo ALLAHU AK’BAR ni byiza ko yo bayifatanya bakavuga bati: ALLAHU AK’BAR ALLAHU AK’BAR bikavugirwa icyarimwe, uretse ko rimwe na rimwe nabyo bishoboka ko babitandukanya ariko ibyiza kurushaho ni ukubifatanya.

Ukurikira ADHANA agenda asubiramo bijyanye n’uhamagara (MUADHINI: Utora adhana) ibyo agenda avuga, naho kuri IQAMAT gusubira mubyo uhagurutsa avuga ntabwo byemewe kuko bitigeze bikorwa kugihe cy’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha).

Igihe cy’ubukonje ni byiza ko uhamagara (MUADHINI: Utora adhana) mu bihugu bikonja cyane cyangwa mu ijoro ry’umwijima mwinshi uteye ubwoba ko nyuma ya “HAYA ALAL FALAH” yavuga ati: “SWALU FI BUYUTIKUM (Musalire mumago yanyu)”; icyo gihe uje gusalira kumusigititi ntacyo biba bitwaye ndetse nusaliye mu rugo iwe nabyo ntakibazo.

ADHANA na IQAMAT k’umugenzi

Biturutse kuri MALIKI BUN HUWAY’RITH (Imana imwishimire) yaragize ati:Haje abagabo babiri ku Ntumwa y’Imana bifuza gukora urugendo, Intumwa y’Imana Muhammadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) irababwira iti:

 “Igihe muzaba mugiye ku rugendo muzahamagarire Iswala (ADHANA) munahagurukirize iswala (IQAMAT) maze umukuru murimwe abayobore mu iswala”.

Kubijyanye na ADHANA na IQAMAT, ISWALA zigabanyijemo ibice bine:

1. Iswala zigira Adhana na Iqamat: Iswala eshanu z’itegeko.
2. Iswala zigira Iqamat nta Adhana: Iswala zikorewe hamwe ari ebyiri, iya kabiri igira Iqama gusa hatabayeho Adhana, iswala bishyura bacyererewe kuzikorera igihe.
3. Iswala zifite Adhana yihariye: Iswala ikorwa igihe habayeho ubwirakabiri.
4. Iswala zitagira Adhana ntizinagire Iqamat: Iswala z’umugereka, iswala y’uwitabye Imana, ilayidi zombi, iswala yo gusaba imvura.

IBIHE BY’ISWALA

Adhuhuri
Igihe cy’iswala ya kumanywa (ADHUHURI) ni kumanywa igihe izuba rirenze gato umurongo wo hagati kugeza igihe igicucu cya buri kintu cyangwa cy’umuntu kiba kireshya nawe.

Gusali iyi swala ya kumanywa (ADHUHURI) ku gihe cyayo cya mbere, nibyo byiza keretse igihe hari ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa izuba ryinshi icyo gihe wayitinza ukayisali mu gihe cyayo cya nyuma.

Umubare w’ibice by’iyi swala ni bine (RAKA 4)

Al As’ri
Igihe cy’iswala yo kugicamunsi (AL AS’RI) gitangira igihe igicucu cya buri kintu cyangwa cy’umuntu kiba kireshya nawe kugeza igihe izuba ribereye umuhondo.

Kubagize ikibazo kikageza izuba rijya kurenga. Iyi swala nayo nibyiza kuyihutisha

Umubare w’ibice by’iyi swala ni bine (RAKA 4)

Al Magh’rib
Igihe cy’iswala yo k’umugoroba (AL MAGH’RIB) gitangira izuba rirenze kugeza ibicu bitukura birenze.

Nibyiza ko iyi swala yihutishwa kuko igihe cyayo ni gito.

Umubare w’ibice by’iyi swala ni bitatu (RAKA 3)

Al Ishaai
Igihe cy’iswala ya nijoro (AL ISHA’I) gitangira kuva igihe ibicu bitukura birenze kugeza hagati mu ijoro. Kubagize impamvu ni ukugeza umuseke ugiye gutambika.

Nibyiza ko iyi swala icyerezwa bakayisali mu gihe cyayo cya nyuma iyo bikoroheye ntibinakubuze gusali JAMAAT.

Umubare w’ibice by’iyi swala ni bine (RAKA 4)

Sub’hi (Al Faj’ri)

Igihe cy’iswala yo mu museso (SUB’HI) gitangira igihe umuseke utambitse kugeza izuba rirashe.

Nibyiza ko iyi swala yihutishwa ukayisali ku gihe cyayo cya mbere umuseke ugitambika.

Umubare w’ibice by’iyi swala ni bibiri (RAKA 2)

Icyitonderwa:

Abatuye ahantu izuba ritarenga mu bihe bisanzwe cyangwa rigatinda kurasa kimwe no mubihugu amanywa n’ijoro byaho bimara igihe kirekire, bagomba gusali iswala eshanu bazigabanyije mu masaha makumyabiri n’ane (24h) bakurikije ingengabihe y’iswala mu gihugu baturanye kurusha ibindi gifite ibihe by’iswala bisobanutse.

Ibisabwa kugirango iswala ibe itegeko:

•  Kuba ari umuislamu
•  Kuba afite ubwenge.
•  Kuba agimbutse cyangwa ari umwangavu.
•  Kuba igihe cy’iswala kigeze.
•  Afite isuku kumubiri no kumyambaro ye.
•  Kuba nta miziririzo yamubuza gusali: imihango n’ibisanza.

Ibisabwa kugirango iswala itungane:

•  Kuba afite isuku yo gutawaza.
•  Kwambara imyambaro ihisha ubwambure (kumugfabo ni uguhera kumukondo ukageza munsi y’amavi naho umugore ni umubiri wose uretse uburanga n’ibiganza).
•  Kwerekera QIBLA).

Itegeko ryo guhindura Niyat (umugambi) hagati mu iswala

Buri gikorwa cyose kigomba kugira Niyat. Ntabwo byemewe guhindura Niyat y’ikintu ukayihindurira ku kindi nko kuba wahindura igihe uriho usenga iswala ya AL AS’RI ukagambirira gusenga iswala ya ADHUHURI.

Ntibyemewe ko uhindura umugambi wawe ku iswala y’umugereka uyimurire kw’iswala y’itegeko nko kuba wasengaga RAKA ebyiri za mbere ya AL FAJ’RI warangiza ukagambirira iswala ya AL FAJ’RI.

Biremewe kuba wakwimura umugambi wawe uwuvana kw’iswala y’itegeko ukagambirira iswala y’umugereka, nko kuba wasengaga iswala y’itegeko warangiza ugahindura ukayigira umugereka kubera ko wabonye abandi ufatanya nabo mugukora iswala y’imbaga (Jamat).

Biremewe ko umuntu ahindura umugambi we igihe ari gusari wenyine cyangwa se ayobowe mu iswala, akagira umugambi wo kuba Imamu kimwe no kuba yari ayobowe mu iswala agasigara wenyine ashobora we guhindura umugambi igihe ariho asenga iswala y’itegeko agahindura mu iswala y’umugereka ariko ntibyemewe kuva mu iswala y’umugereka ujya mu iswala y’itegeko.

Umuislamu ashobora kwambara imyambaro yifuza keretse iyabujijwe, nk’iriho amashusho y’ibintu bifite roho kuba gabo n’abagore cyangwa se kuba ikizira kubera uyambaye nk’iswala y’umugabo mu myenda y’umugore cyangwa umwambaro urenze utubumbankore, cyangwa kuba ari ikizira kubera ko yawuhuguje nyirawo cyangwa yawibye n’ibindi

Ubutaka bwose burasukuye, kandi bwemerewe kubusariraho, keretse ahagenewe imyanda nko mu bwiherero n’ahandi hamenwa imyanda, cyangwa ahari ibiraro by’ingamiya no ku marimbi, uretse iswala y’uwitabye Imana, kuko yo ishobora gukorerwa ku marimba bibaye ngombwa.

Iyo impamvu yabuzaga umuntu gusari ivuyeho igihe cy’iswala kikiriho niyo haba hasigaye igihe kingana no gukora IRAKA imwe ategetswe gusari, nk’igihe uwataye ubwenge abugaruye, uwinjira idini, n’uvuye mu mihango no mubisanza.

Iyo uwari mu mihango y’ukwezi irangiye mu gihe bidashoboka ko yisukura igihe cy’iswala kitararangira, arisukura agasenga kabone n’iyo igihe cy’iyo swala kiba cyarangiye kimwe n’umuntu wari uryamye igihe akangutse akabona ko kwisukura izuba riba ryarashe, arisukura agasenga kabone niyo izuba ryaba ryarashe kubera ko igihe cy’iswala y’umuntu usinziriye ni igihe akangukiyeho.

Usari ategetswe kwerekeza uburanga bwe kunzu y’Imana iri i Makka, ariko igihe umuntu atabashije kumenya icyerekezo akabura n’uwo abaza arashakisha agasenga yerekeje uburanga bwe aho akeka ko aricyo cyerekezo, iyo asanze atariho nyuma yo gusenga ntabwo asubiramo iyo swala.

Ni byiza ko umuntu asarira hasi haciye bugufi, ariko ashobora no gusengera ahazamuye nko kuburiri bibaye ngombwa.

Uwataye ubwenge kubera ibitotsi cyangwa gusinda, uwo ategetswe gusari iswala yamuciyeho kimwe n’uwataye ubwenge bitewe n’ibyemewe nko kunywa umuti nawe ategetswe gusari iswala yamunyuzeho. Naho utaye ubwenge kubera impamvu zitamuturutseho nko kuzimira no kugwa igicuri, uwo nta tegetswe gusari iswala yamunyuzeho.

Uburyo bwo kwishyura iswala zaguciyeho.

Mu swala harimo izo umuntu ategetswe gusari igihe zamunyuzeho, iyo impamvu yatumye atazikorera igihe irangiye, nk’Iswala eshanu z’itegeko, hakabaho n’izo umuntu adasari iyo zamunyuzeho nk’iswala y’ijuma, kuko uwo yanyuzeho asari ADHUHURI.

Umuntu ategetswe kwihutisha iswala zamuciyeho kandi azikurikiranyije, kutazikurikiranya bishobora guterwa no kwibagirwa, ubujiji, gutinya kurangira kw’igihe cy’iswala igezweho no gutinya gucikwa n’iswala ya jamat.

Iyo umuntu yatangiye gusari akibuka ko atasenze iyayibanjirije, abanza kurangiza iyo arimo gukora, nyuma agasenga iyo yibagiwe.

Umuntu wacyererewe iswala ya AL AS’RI akagera ahasengerwa mu gihe Imamu ariho asari iswala ya AL MAGH’RIBI, uwo muntu ahita akurikira Imamu, nyuma agasari iswala ya AL AS’RI wenyine.

Uwibagiwe iswala cyangwa agasinzira ayisarira igihe ayibukiye cyangwa akangukiye. Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti:

 “Uzibagirwa iswala cyangwa asinziriye, icyiru cye ni ukuyishyurira igihe ayibukiye”. Yakiriwe na Bukhari na Muslim.

Uburyo Iswala ikorwamo

1. Usari yerekera QIBLA ariyo AL KA’ABA akayerekezaho igihimba cye cyose aho yaba ari hose. Mu mutima we agamije Iswala ashaka gusari yaba Iswala y’itegeko (FARADWA) cyangwa iswala y’umugereka (NAFILA).Icyo agambiriye (NIYA) ntabwo acyatura ku rurimi rwe kubera ko kwatura ku rurimi bitari mu byategetswe, ahubwo kiba ari icyaduwe (BIDA) kubera y’uko Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) itigeze na rimwe yatura NIYA cyangwa abasangirangendo bayo (Imana ibishimire).Ni nk’uko agomba kwishyiriraho imbago asariraho (SITRA) yaba ari Imam cyangwa wenyine. Kandi kwerekera QIBLA ni kimwe mu byangobwa bisabwa (SHARTI) mu Iswala, uretse mu bibazo byihariye.
2. Avuga TAKBIIRAT AL IHRAM ati: ALLAH AKBAR, amaso ye areba aho ari bwubame.
3. Igihe cyo kuvuga TAKBIIRAT azamura amaboko ye aharinganiye n’intugu ze cyangwa amatwi ye.
4. Ashyira amaboko ye yombi ku gituza cye, ukw’iburyo hejuru y’ikiganza cye cy’imoso, n’ubujana na ruseke y’akaboko, kuko ibyo ari impamo biturutse ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha).
5. Ni Suna ko asoma iduwa y’urufunguzo (ISTIFTAHI), ariyo: ALLAHUMA BAA ID BAYNII WA BAYNA KHATWAA YAA YA KAMAA BAA AD’TA BAYNAL MASHRIQ WAL MAGHRIB. ALLAHUMA NAQQINII MIN KHATWAA YAA YA KAMAA YUNAQQAA THAUBUL AB’YADWU MINA DDANASI. ALLAHUMA IGH’SIL’NII MIN KHATWAYAAYA BIL MAA’I WA THAL’JI WAL BARADI.Ibisobanuro: Nyagasani Mana yanjye, shyira intera ndende hagati yanjye n’ibyaha byanjye nk’uko washyize intera ndende hagati y’iburasirazuba n’uburengerazuba. Nyagasani Mana yanjye, nyozaho ibyaha byanjye nk’uko umwambaro wera usukurwaho umwanda, Nyagasani Mana yanjye nyuhagira ibyaha byanjye hakoreshejwe amazi asanzwe n’ay’urubura n’ay’urume.Kandi ashatse yasoma: SUBHAANAKA ALLAHUMA WABIHAM’DIKA WA TABAARAKA IS’MUKA, WA TAALA JADDUKA WA LAA ILAHA GHAIRUKA.Ibisobanuro: Uri nyir’ubutungane n’ubuziranenge Mana yanjye no kubw’ishimwe ryawe, kandi izina ryawe riratagatifutse, kandi icyubahiro cyawe kirahanitse. Kandi nta yindi Mana ibaho uretse wowe Mana. Kandi igihe asomye indi DUWA itari izo zombi mu maduwa yagenewe kuba urufunguzo rw’Iswala ituruka ku Ntumwa by’impamo ntacyo byatwara, ariko ibyiza cyane ni uko rimwe yasoma iyi ubundi agasoma indi, kubera y’uko uko kuba ariko gukurikira kuzuye, yarangiza akavuga ati: AUDHU BILLAAHI MINA SH-SHAY’TWAANI RAJIM, BISMILLAAHI RAHMANI RAHIM.Ibisobanuro: Nikinze kuri Allah kugira ngo andinde Shitani w’ikivume, Ku izina ry’Imana nyir’impuhwe nyir’ibambe.Agasoma Al Hamdu (SURAT AL FATIHA). Dushingiye ku mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) iragira iti: “Nta swala kuri wa wundi utasomye FATIHAT AL KITAB (Al Hamdu)”.Aha, iyi Hadith iravuga ku muntu usari wenyine. Iyo arangije gusoma Al Hamdu (SURAT AL FATIHA), aravuga ati: AAMIIN, yatuye ijwi mu Iswala yaturwamo ijwi, na bucece mu Iswala ya bucece, yarangiza agasoma ikimushobokeye muri Qor’ani.Ikiruta ibindi, ni uko nyuma yo gusoma Surat Al Fatiha mu Iswala ya Adhuhuri (Ku manywa) na Al Asri (ku gicamunsi) na Ishaa (nijoro) yasoma amwe mu masura aciriritse, naho mu Iswala ya Al Fajri (Umuseke) agasoma amwe mu masura arambuye (maremare), no mu Iswala ya Maghrib (nimugoroba) igihe kimwe agasoma mu masura maremare, ubundi ugasoma mu masura magufi, mu kugendera kuri za Hadith zihamya ibyo.
6. Arunama (RUKU) avuga TAKBIIRA (Allah Akbaru) azamuye amaboko ye ku haringaniye n’intugu cyangwa amatwi ye, umutwe we akawushyira aharinganiye n’umugongo we yashyize amaboko ye ku mavi ye yombi atandukanyije intoki ze kandi akagira gutuza muri uko kunama kwe kandi akavuga ati: SUBAHAANA RABBIYAL ADHIM. Akabivuga inshuro eshatu.Ibisobanuro Ubuziranenge ni ubw’Umurezi wanjye wubahitse.Ikiruta ibindi, ni uko ayo magambo ayasubiramo inshuro eshatu cyangwa zirenga izo, ni na byiza ko hamwe n’ayo magambo yavuga: SUBAHAANAKA ALLAAHUMA GH’FIR LIIIbisobanuro Ubuziranenge ni ubwawe yewe Mana ndetse no gushimwa ni ibyawe Mana yanjye mbabarira.
7. Yegura umutwe we ava muri ruku (ku mavi) azamuye amaboko ye ku haringaniye n’intugu ze cyangwa amatwi ye avuga ati: SAMIA LLAHU LIMAN HAMIDAHIbisobanuro Imana yumva uyisingiza ayishimaCyangwa usari wenyine n’igihe ahagaze avuge ati: RABBANA WA LAKAL HAMDU HAMDAN KATHIRAN TWAYIBAN MUBARAKAN FIIHI MIL A SAMAWATI WA MIL AL ARDWI, WA MIL A MAABAYINAHUMAA WA MIL AMAA SHI’ ITA MIN SHAY’IN BA’AD.Ibisobanuro Murezi Mana yacu kandi ishimwe n’ibisingizo ni ibyawe, ishimwe ryinshi ryiza ryuje imigisha muri ryo, ryuzuye ibirere binuzuye isi n’ibyuzuye hagati ya byombi, n’ibyuzuye icyo aricyo cyose ushaka nyuma y’ibyo.Naho igihe we ari Ma’amuuma (Uyobowe) mu gihe cyo kunamuka aravuga ati: RABBANA WA LAKAL HAMDU kugeza ku musozo w’ibyavuzwe haruguru. N’igihe Imam na Ma’amuuma n’usali wenyine buri wese muri bo yongeyeho: AHLUTH THANAAI WAL MAJD AHAQQUMAA QAALAL ABDU WA KULUNA LAKA ABDU. ALLAHUMA LAA MAANIA LIMAA A’ATWAY’TA, WALAA MU’UTWII LIMAA MANA’ATA WALAA YAN-FA’UDHAL JADDI MINKAL JADDIbisobanuro Nyir’ugushimwa, nyir’icyubahiro, igikwiye cyavuzwe n’umugaragu kandi twese tukubereye abagaragu. Mana yanjye, ntawe ushobora kwambura uwo wahaye kandi ntawe ushobora guha uwo wimye, kandi umunyabukungu ntacyo amaze kubera yuko ubukungu butangwa nawe. Byaba ari byiza kuko ari impamo iturutse ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) kandi ni byiza kuri buri wese muri bo ko ashyira amaboko ye mu gituza cye nk’uko yabigenje mu gihagararo cye atari yajya muri RUKUU, kuko hari gihamya kimenyekanisha ibyo, giturutse ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) muri Hadith (Imvugo) ya WAAIL mwene HAJAR na SAHL mwene SAAD (Imana ibishimire bombi).
8. Ubwo arubama (Sujudu) avuga ati: “ALLAHU AKBAR”, agashyira ibipfukamiro bye hasi imbere y’amaboko ye, igihe ibyo bimworoheye. Byaba bimukomereye akabanza (hasi) amaboko ye yombi mbere y’ibipfukamiro bye, amano y’ibirenge bye ayerekeje Qibla n’amaboko ye Qibla abumbuye intoki z’amaboko ye zirambuye.Uko kubama kukaba kubihimba bye birindwi: uruhanga, izuru, amaboko yombi, ibipfukamiro byombi n’inda z’amano y’ibirenge byombi, ubwo akavuga ati: SUBHAANA RABBIYAL-A’ALAA.Ibyo ubivuga inshuro eshatu ni Suna cyangwa izirenga izo.Ibisobanuro Ubuziranenge ni ubw’umurezi Mana yanjye nyir’ikuzo.Ni nk’uko ari byiza kongeraho aya magambo: SUBHAANAKA ALLAHUMA RABANAA WA BIHAMDIKA, ALLAHUMA GH-FIRLYIbisobanuro Ubuziranenge ni ubwawe Mana yanjye n’ibisingizo byiza ni ibyawe Mana yanjye mbabarira Anasabe (Iduwa) kubwinshi. Dushingiye ku mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) igira iti: “Naho muri ruku mujye mutagatifuzamwo Umuremyi. Naho mukubama (Sujuud) mujye mugira umuhate mu gusaba (Duwa), aho niho hakirwa ubusabe bwanyu”. Ubwo agasaba umurezi Imana ye ibyiza by’isi n’iby’imperuka. Nicyo kimwe yaba ari iswala y’itegeko cyangwa ari iswala y’umugereka, kandi akagura amaboko ye ahagana mumaha ye ayatandukanya n’imbavu ze, n’inda ye akayishyira kure y’ibibero bye, n’ibibero bye akabishyira kure y’imirundi ye yombi, kandi azamure ruseke z’amaboko ye yombi ntizikore hasi. Dushingiye ku mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) igira iti: “Mujye mwitunganya mu kubama kandi umwe muri mwe ntakarambike ruseke ze nk’uko imbwa izirambika” 
9. Yegura umutwe we agira ati: “ALLAHU AKBAR” akisasira ikirenge cye cy’ibumoso, akacyicarira agashinga ikirenge cye cy’iburyo, kandi akarambika amaboko ye (ibiganza bye) ku bibero bye n’ibipfukamiro bye, maze akavuga ati: RABBIGH-FIRLY WARHAMNIY WAHDINIY WAR-ZUQNIY, WA AAFINIY WAJBURNIY Ibisobanuro Muremyi wanjye ngirira imbabazi kandi ungirire impuhwe, kandi unyobore, kandi umfungurire, kandi umpe ubuzima kandi umpumurize.Muri icyo cyicaro akarangwa n’ituze.
10. Yubama (Sidjida) umwubamo wa kabiri avuga “ALLAHU AKBAR”, agakoramo ibyo yakoze mu mwubamo wa mbere. 
11. Yegura umutwe we avuga ati: “ALLAHU AKBAR” kandi yicara icyicaro kinzugunya nk’icyicaro cyo hagati y’inyubamo ebyiri, icyo cyitwa icyicaro cy’akaruhuko (Jalsat Al-Istiraahah) ni cyiza kugikora, kandi iyo akiretse nta mwikomo kuri we, kandi nta bisingizo (DHIKRI) cyangwa ubusabe (Duwa) biteganyijwe muri icyo cyicaro.Nyuma agahaguruka agahagarara. Ajya kuri rakaa ya kabiri ashikamye ku bipfukamiro bye byombi, igihe ibyo bimworoheye, naho iyo ibyo bimukomereye ashikama hasi, nyuma agasoma AL FATIHAT n’ibimworohereye muri Qor’ani. Nyuma yo gusoma ibyo maze agakora nk’uko yabikoze mu iraka ya mbere.
12. Igihe iswala igizwe n’iraka (ibice) ebyiri nk’iswala yo mu museke n’iswala y’ijuma n’irayidi zombi, yicara nyuma yo kweguka kwe mu mwubamo wa kabiri ashinze ikirenge cye cy’iburyo ashashe (yicariye) ikirenge cye cy’ibumoso, arambitse akaboko ke k’iburyo hejuru y’ikibero cye cy’iburyo, azinze intoki ze zose uretse mukubitarukoko, akarambura yerekana (TAUHID) kuba Imana ari imwe rukumbi, kandi abaye nk’uhina agahera n’urukurikiye agahera mu kaboko ke k’iburyo, maze agakora uruziga rwa musumba zose n’igikumwe, maze akarambura mukubitarukoko.Nibyiza kubera y’uko ubwo buryo bwombi bwabaye impamo ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) kandi ikiruta ikindi, ni uko rimwe yajya akora ubu buryo ubundi agakora buriya; akanarambika akaboko ke k’imoso hejuru y’ikibero cye cy’imoso n’ivi rye.Hanyuma agasoma ubuhamya (ATTASHAHUD) yicaye aribwo: ATTAHIYYATU LILLAHI WA SWALAWATU WA TWAYIBAATU, AS-SALAAMU ALAYKA AYYUHAN-NABIYYU WA RAHMATUL-LAAHI WA BARAKAATUH, AS-SALAMU ALAYNA WA ALAA IBAADILLAHIS-SALIHINA, ASH-HADU AN’LAA ILAHA ILLA LLAHU WA ASH-HADU ANNA MUHAMMADAN ABDUHU WA RASUULUHUIbisobanuro Indamutso ni iy’Imana n’imigisha n’ibyiza byose ni iby’Imana, amahoro abe kuri wowe yewe muhanuzi n’impuhwe z’Imana n’imigisha yayo. Amahoro abe kuri twe no kubagaragu b’Imana beza. Ndahamya mu mutima wanjye mvugishije ururimi rwanjye ko nta Mana isengwa m’ukuri uretse Allah. Kandi ndahamya mu mutima wanjye mvugisha ururimi rwanjye ko Muhamadi ari umugaragu wayo kandi akaba ari Intumwa yayo. Nyuma akavuga ati: ALLAHUMA SWALLI ALAA MUHAMMADI WA ALAA ALI MUHAMMADI KAMA SWALLAYTA AALAA IBRAHIM WA ALAA ALI IBRAHIM INNAKA HAMIIDUM-MAJIID. WA BAARIKI ALAA MUHAMMADI WAA ALAA AALI MUHAMMADI KAMAA BAARAKTA ALAA IBRAAHIM WA ALAA AALI IBRAAHIM INNAKA HAMIID MAJIID.Ibisobanuro Mana yanjye, hundagaza impuhwe kuri Muhamadi no k’umuryango wa Muhamadi nk’uko wahundagaje impuhwe kuri Ibrahim no k’umuryango wa Ibrahim, muby’ukuri wowe uri nyir’ugushimwa nyir’ugusingizwa, kandi uhundagaze imigisha kuri Muhamadi no k’umuryango wa Muhamadi nk’uko wahundagaje imigisha kuri Ibrahim no k’umuryango wa Ibrahim, mu by’ukuri wowe uri nyir’ugushimwa nyir’ugusingizwa. Kandi asaba Imana ubuhungiro agira ngo imurinde ibintu bine avuga ati: ALLAHUMA INNII AUDHUBIKA MIN ADHAABI JAHANNAMA, WA MIN ADHAABIL QABRI, WA MIN FIT’NATIL MAHYAA WAL MAMAATI, WA MIN FIT’NATIL MASIIHI DAJJAAL.Ibisobanuro Mana yanjye nguhungiyeho undinde ibihano byo muri Jahanama, n’ibihano byo mu mva, n’ibigeragezo by’ubuzima n’ibya nyuma y’urupfu, n’ibigeragezobya Masiihiddajaal.Yarangiza agasaba ibyo ashaka mu byiza by’isi n’iby’imperuka, kandi igihe asabiye ababyeyi be bombi cyangwa abandi batari bo mu baislam ntacyo bitwaye nicyo kimwe yaba asali iswala y’itegeko (Faradwa) cyangwa ari iy’umugereka (Nawafil). Dushingiye ku mvugo rusange y’Intumwa muri Hadith ya mwene Masudi ubwo yamwigishaga ubuhamya (ATTASHAHUD) ati: “Narangiza ahitemwo mu busabe (amaduwa) ubumushimishije maze asabe”. Naho mu yindi mvugo: “Narangiza ahitemwo igisabisho ashatse”.Ibyo bikaba bibumbye ibyo aribyo byose bifitiye umuntu akamaro haba mu isi cyangwa ku mperuka.Nyuma agatanga indamutso (Salam) iburyo bwe n’ibumoso bwe, agira ati: ASSALAM ALAIKUM WRAH MATUL-LAAHI, ASSALAM ALAIKUM WRAH MATUL-LAAHI “Amahoro y’Imana abe kuri mwe hamwe n’impuhwe zayo”.
13. Iyo iswala igizwe n’iraka eshatu nk’iya nimugoroba (MAGHRIB) cyangwa ari iswala igizwe na raka enye nk’iy’amanywa (ADHUHURI) n’iy’igicamunsi (ASRI) n’iya nijoro (ISHAAI), asoma ubuhamya (ATASHAHUD) bwauvuzwe haruguru hamwe na swala y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha), maze akeguka agahagarara ashikamiye amavi ye yombi azamuye amaboko ye yombi, aharinganiye n’intugu ze zombi cyangwa amatwi ye yombi avuga ati: “ALLAHU AKBAR” maze ayo maboko akayashyira ku gituza cye nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, ubwo agasoma Al hamdu (AL FATIHA) yonyine, kandi abaye nk’usoma mu raka ya gatatu n’iya kane y’iswala yo ku manywa (DHUHUR).Ikiyongereye kuri al hamdu rimwe na rimwe ntakibazo kubera y’uko hari ibihamya bimenyekanisha ibyo biturutse ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) muri Hadith ya ABIY SAID (Imana imwishimire).Nyuma akavuga ubuhamya nyuma y’iraka ya gatatu ya swala ya nimugoroba (MAGHRIB) na nyuma y’iraka ya kane y’iswala ya Dhuhuri na Asri na Ishaai nk’uko byavuzwe, bityo mu iswala y’iraka ebyiri.Yarangiza agatanga indamutso (Salam) iburyo bwe n’ibumoso bwe, agasaba Imana imbabazi (ASTAGHFIRULLAH) inshuro eshatu.Nyuma akavuga ati: ALLAHUMA AN’TA SALAAMU WA MINKA SALAAMU TABAARAKTA YAA DHAL JALAALI WAL IKRAAMIbisobanuro Mana yanjye, Wowe uri amahoro, kandi amahoro aturuka kuri wowe wujuje umugisha yewe nyir’icyubahiro n’ubugwaneza. Iyo ari Imam abivuga mbere y’uko ahindukira akareba abantu.Nyuma akavuga ati: LAA ILAAHA ILLA LAAHU WAHDAHU LAA SHARIIKALAHU, LAHUL MULKU WA LAHUL HAMDU WA HUWA ALAA KULLI SHAYI IN QADIIR.Ibisobanuro Nta Mana isengwa m’ukuri uretse Allah yo yonyine, nta mufasha igira, niyo nyir’ubwami kandi ikaba ariyo nyir’ugushimwa kandi yo ifite ubushobozi kuri byose.Akomeza ati: ALLAAHUMMA LAA MAANI’A LIMAA A’ATWAY’TA, WALAA MU’UTWIY LIMAA MANA A’TA, WALAA YAN’FAU DHAL JADDI MIN’KAL JADDU.Ibisobanuro Mana yanjye, ntawe ushobora kwambura uwo wahaye, kandi ntawe ushobora guha uwo wimye, kandi nyir’ubukungu ntacyo amaze kubera y’uko gukungahara bitangwa nawe.Akongera ati: LAA HAWULA WALAA QUWATA ILLAA BI LLAAHI, LAA ILAAHA ILLA LLAHU WALAA NA A’BUDU ILA IYAHU LAHU NI I’MATA WA LAHUL FADW’LU WALAHU THANAA UL HASAN, LAA ILAAHA ILLA LLAHU MUKH’LISWIINA LAHU DIINA WA LAW KARIHAL KAFIRUUNA.Ibisobanuro Nta bubasha kandi nta mbaraga keretse kubw’Imana (Allah), nta Mana isengwa m’ukuri uretse Allah, kandi nta wundi dusenga uretse yo. Niyo nyir’inema ni nawe nyir’ubugwaneza, ni nawe nyir’ibisingizo byiza, nta Mana isengwa m’ukuri uretse Allah mukumwegurira idini n’ubwo bitashimisha abahakanyi.Kandi akavuga TASBIIHI: 
    •  SUBHAANA LLAAH inshuro 33
    •  ALHAMDULILLAH inshuro 33
    •  ALLAAHU AKBARU inshuro 33
    Mu kuzuza ijana akagira ati: LAA ILAAHA ILLA LLAAHU WAH’DAHU LAA SHARIIKA LAHU, LAHUL MUL’KU WA LAHUL HAM’DU WA HUWA ALAA KULLI SHAY IN QADIIRU.Ibisobanuro Nta Mana isengwa m’ukuri uretse Allah yonyine nta mufasha igira, ni nyir’ubwami kandi nyir’ishimwe, kandi yo ifite ubushobozi kuri buri kintu.Akanasoma AYATUL KURSIY na QUL HUWA LLAAHU AHAD na QUL AUDHU BIRABIL FALAQ na QUL AUDHU BIRABI NAASI nyuma ya buri swala, kandi ni na byiza ko aya masura uko ari atatu ayasubiramo inshuro eshatu, eshatu, nyuma y’iswala yo mu museke (AL FAJRI) n’iswala ya nimugoroba (MAGHRIB) kubera y’uko hari za Hadith zihamya ibyo ko bituruka ku Ntumwa (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) kandi ibyo bisingizo (ADHKAARI) byose biri mu rwego rw’imigereka, ntabwo ari itegeko.Inkingi z’iswala:Inkingi z’iswala ni ibyo iswala igomba kuba yujuje kugirango itungane. Iswala ntiyakwemerwa n’Imana igihe hagize ibura muri izo nkingi. Izo nkingi rero ni cumi n’enye (14):
14. Guhagarara k’ubifitiye ubushobozi.
15. Tak’bira ya mbere (TAKBIRATUL- IHRAMU)
16. Gusoma surat al fatihat kuri buri gice (RAKA) mu iswala
17. Kunama (RUKUU).
18. Kunamuka.
19. Guhagarara wemye nyuma yo kunamuka.
20. Kubama (sijidat) kubice birindwi (uruhanga n’izuru, ibiganza byombi, amavi yombi, amano).
21. Kwicara hagati ya sijidat ebyiri.
22. Kubama (sijidat) bwa kabiri.
23. Kwicara usoza (Tahiyyatu ya nyuma).
24. Gusabira Intumwa MUHAMADI n’abantu bayo.
25. Gutuza mu bikorwa byose by’iswala.
26. Indamutso yo kurangiza iswala “ASALAMU”
27. Gukurikiranya izo nkingi

Icyitonderwa:

Iyo usari agize inkingi mu nkingi z’iswala areka ku bushake iswala ye irononekara.

Naho iyo ayiretse bitewe no kwibagirwa cyangwa kudasobanukirwa, iswala ye iba ituzuye.

Iyo agize inkingi yibagirwa cyangwa atabisobanukiwe asubira kuri ya nkingi yibagiwe igihe atarayigeraho ku raka ikurikiye; kuko iyo yayigezeho ku raka ikurikiye, iraka yayibagiwemo irononekara iyo agezeho ikaba ariyo ijya mu mwanya wayo (w’iya mbere yibagiwemo ya nkingi). Urugero: Iyo usali yibagiwe kunama akabyibuka atarajya kubindi bice, ahita yunama. Iyo abyibutse yageze ku kunama muri raka ya kabiri, icyo gihe raka ya mbere iba imfabusa igasimburwa n’iya kabiri.

Gusoma “SURAT AL FATIHA” kuri Imamu ndetse n’usali wenyine ni inkingi kuri buri raka. Iyo usali hagize raka yibagiweho gusoma “SURAT AL FATIHA” bituma iyo raka iba imfabusa, naho Maamuma (uyobowe n’undi mu iswala) ayisoma bucece kuri buri raka, uretse aho Imamu asoma mu ijwi riranguruye, igihe atamuhaye umwanya uhagije wo kuyisoma bituma atayisoma kuko agomba guceceka akumviriza ibyo Imamu asoma.

Iby’ingenzi mu iswala (WAJIBATU SWALATI)

•  Takbira zose mu iswala (kuvuga ALLAHU AK’BARU)
•  Gusingiza Uwiteka igihe cyo kunama (kuvuga SUB’HANA RABIYAL ADHWIMI (Gutungana ni ukwa Nyagasani wanjye Nyir’ikuzo) inshuro eshatu.
•  Kuvuga “SAMIA LLAHU LIMANI HAMIDAHU (Imana yumva uyisingiza)” kuri Imamu cyangwa usali wenyine.
•  Kuvuga “RABANA WALAKAL HAMDU (Nyagasani ugusingizwa ni ukwawe)” kuri Imamu n’abo ayoboye ndetse n’usali wenyine.
•  Gusingiza Uwiteka igihe cyo kubama uvuga SUB’HANA RABIYAL A’ALA (Gutungana ni uka Nyagasani wanjye Usumba byose) inshuro eshatu.
•  Gusaba hagati yo kubama kwombi uvuga RABI GH’FIR’LI WAR’HAM’NI (Mana mbabarira kandi unangirire impuhwe).
•  Kwicara kuri ATAHIYYATU ya mbere.
•  Kuvuga ATAHIYYATU ya mbere (Ubuhamya bwa mbere).

Icyitonderwa:

Iyo usali agize icyo areka mu by’ingenzi mu iswala kubushake, byonona iswala ye. Naho iyo agize icyo areka bitewe no kwibagirwa nyuma yo kukivaho na mbere yo kugera kuyindi nkingi ikurikiye, asubiramo akagikora, hanyuma agakomeza iswala, akubama byo kwibagirwa (SIJIDATU SAH’WI) inshuro ebyiri akabona gusoza iswala. Naho iyo abyibutse yageze mu yindi nkingi ikurikiyeho, icyo gihe ntagaruka kucyo yibagiwe icyo gihe yubama byo kwibagirwa (SIJIDATU SAH’WI) inshuro ebyiri akabona gusoza iswala.

Ibindi bikorwa mu iswala bitavuzwe haba mu nkingi cyangwa mu by’ingenzi byayo, ibyo ni imigereka y’iswala (SUNANU SWALATI) uyikoze arabihemberwa, utayikoze ntayihanirwa ntibyangiza n’iswala ye, iyo migereka igizwe n’imvugo n’ibikorwa.

IMIGEREKA Y’ISWALA IKORWA MU IMVUGO

Muri iyi migereka twavugamo:

Ubusabe bufungura iswala “SUB’HANAKA ALLAHUMA WABIHAM’DIKA WATABARAKA IS’MUKA WA TAALA JADUKA WA LA ILAHA GHAY’RUKA (Ubutungane no gusingizwa ni ibyawe Mana. Izina ryawe ryuje imigisha no kubahwa kwawe kuruta byose nta n’indi Mana ibaho uretse wowe).

Kwikinga ku Mana uvuga AUDHU BILAHI MINA SHAY’TWANI RAJIMI (Nikinze ku Mana ngo indinde Shitani wavumwe).

Gutangiza izina ry’Imana uvuga BISMILAHI RAHMANI RAHIMI (Ku izina ry’Imana Nyir’impuhwe Nyir’imbabazi).

Kuvuga AMINA (Akira ubusabe Mana) nyuma yo kurangiza gusoma SURATUL FATIHAT.

Gusoma indi SURAT cyangwa indi mirongo muri Qor’ani nyuma yo gusoma SURATUL FATIHAT mu iswala ifite raka ebyiri no muri raka ebyiri zibanza ku ma swala agizwe na raka eshatu n’enye.

IMIGEREKA Y’ISWALA IKORWA MU BIKORWA

Muri iyi migereka twavugamo:
Kuzamura amaboko ukayageza aharinganiye n’intugu cyangwa ku matwi igihe cya “TAK’BIRATUL IH’RAMU”, kunama, kunamuka no guhaguruka mugutangira iraka ya gatatu ku iswala ifite iraka eshatu n’ifite enye.

Gushyira ukuboko kw’iburyo hejuru y’ukw’ibumoso ku gituza cyangwa munsi y’igituza hejuru y’umukondo.

IBYANGIZA ISWALA:

Ibyangiza iswala ni ibi bikurikira:

•  Kureka kimwe mu by’ingenzi, inkingi n’ibyangombwa by’iswala ku bushake.
•  Gukora ibitari mu bikorwa by’iswala, nko gukebaguzwa no kurangaguzwa n’ibindi bitari ngombwa kandi ntampamvu ibiteye.
•  Kugaragaza bimwe mu bice by’ubwambure (ubwambure bw’umugabo ari uguhera ku mukondo kugeza ku mavi naho ubwambure bw’umugore ni umubiri we wose uretse uburanga bwe n’ibiganza).
•  Kuvuga kubushake amagambo atajyanye n’iswala.
•  Kurya no kunywa.
•  Guseka cyane bikabije.
•  Ukwibagirwa birenze urugero nko gusari AL ISHAAI iraka umunani kuko gukora nk’ibi ari ikimenyetso simusiga cyo kuba nta kwibombarika yari afite kandi aribyo mutima w’iswala.

Icyitonderwa:

Udukorwa duke nko gukora ikimenyetso wikiriza indamutso, gutunganya umwambaro, kwishima n’ibindi ntibyonona iswala keretse habayeho gukabya kuburyo usali rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutuma ajijwa aho yari ageze mu iswala.

Udasobanukiwe n’iswala neza akagira inkingi byangombwa by’iswala yibagirwa, iyo igihe cy’iswala kigihari asubiramo ya swala yibagiwemo, naho iyo igihe cyayo cyarangiye ntabwo ayisubiramo.

ISTIGH’FARU (Ukwicuza) nyuma y’iswala z’itegeko

Kwicuza cyangwa gukora ISTIGH’FARU nyuma y’iswala z’itegeko tubisanga mu byakozwe n’Intumwa y’Imana Muhammadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) kubera ko benshi mubakora iswala bagira ibyo bibagirwa cyangwa ibyo badatunganya neza uko byakagombye, byaba mu bikorwa bigaragara nko gusoma bimwe mu bice bya Qor’ani (SURAT), kunama no kubama n’ibindi nko kwibombarika imbere y’Imana, kwerekeza umutima wawe wose k’Umuremyi wawe.

Ku muntu udafite isuku cyangwa ufite ijanaba n’uri mu mihango, ibisanza, yemerewe gusingiza Imana no kuyikuza, ndetse no kuyishimira mu bisingizo byayo byiza, akanasabira Intumwa y’Imana, yabivuga ku rurimi rwe cyangwa ku mutima.

Gusingiza Imana no kuyisaba bucece nibyo byiza muri rusange, uretse ibikorwa mu iswala eshanu z’itegeko no mu mutambagiro mutagatifu i Makka no ku munsi w’iraidi kuko ho barangurura ijwi.

Usohotse agiye gusali akagera ku musigiti barangije gusali, Imana imuha ibihembo nk’iby’abakoreye iswala kugihe. Imvugo yakiriwe na ABU HURAY’RAT Imana imwishimire yaragize iti: Intumwa y’Imana Muhammadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) iragira iti:

 “Uzisukura (uzatawadha) agatunganya isuku ye neza, nyuma akerekeza ku musigititi agasanga barangije gusali, Imana imuha ibyiza nk’iby’abamaze gusali, nta na kimwe igabanyijeho”.

KWIKIRIZA UBUSABE UVUGA “AMINA”.

Bikorwa mu byiciro bibiri:

1. Hagati mu iswala nyuma yo gusoma SURATUL FATIHAT kuri Imamu na Maamuma babikorera icyarimwe, naho usari ku giti cye na we iyo arangije Suratul Fatihat avuga AMINA.
2. No kuri QUNUTI ku maswala y’umugereka (WIT’RI) no gusaba mu bihe by’amakuba.
3. Hanze y’iswala nyuma yo gusoma SURATUL FATIHAT, haba k’usoma ndetse n’uwumviriza usoma no gusaba DUA muri rusange nk’idua yo ku iswala y’ijuma cyangwa gusaba imvura cyangwa se igihe cy’ubwirakabiri n’ibindi.
   KUBAMA K’UWIBAGIWE MU ISWALA (SIJIDATU SAHAWU)Sijidatu sahawu ni igikorwa gikorwa n’uwagize icyo yibagirwa mu iswala ye, akubama inshuro ebyiri mu iswala z’itegeko cyangwa iz’imigereka. Bikorwa nyuma yo kurangiza gusoma Attahiyatu na mbere yo gutanga salamu.Impamvu uko kubama kwashyizweho
   Nyagasani yaremye abantu abaremana kwibagirwa, kandi Shitani ihora ikoresha uko ishoboye ngo usali ibe yamwibagiza yongere, agabanye cyangwa agire gukekeranya mu byo amaze gukora; niyo mpamvu Imana yashyiriyeho usali kubama inshuro ebyiri igihe yagize icyo yongera, agabanya cyangwa akekeranya mu iswala ye, kugira ngo Shitani ibigiremo igihombo kuko itageze ku migambi yayo, no kugira ngo uko kubama kuzibe icyuho cy’ibituzuye mu iswala, kandi umugaragu anezeze Uwiteka amwubamira.Kwibagirwa mu iswala byabaye no ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) kubera ko nayo ifite kamere isanzwe y’abantu harimo no kwibagirwa; nk’uko yibagiwe mu iswala maze aravuga ati: “Mu by’ukuri nanjye ndi umuntu kimwe na mwe, ndibagirwa nk’uko na mwe mwibagirwa, igihe nibagiwe mujye munyibutsa”. YAKIRIWE NA BUKHAR na MUSLIM.Impamvu zo kubama byo kwibagirwaImpamvu zituma habaho kubama byo kwibagirwa (SIJDAT SAH’WI) ni eshatu:
4. Kongera mu iswala: nko kongera iraka ya gatanu mu iswala ifite iraka enye.
5. Kugabanya: nko kureka kimwe mu byangombwa by’iswala nko gusali iraka eshatu mu iswala ifite iraka enye.
6. Gushidikanya: Ni ugushidikanya hagati y’ibintu bibiri wibaza icyaba cyabaye muri byo. Gushidikanya bishobora kuba mu kongera cyangwa mu kugabanya nko kuba usali yakeka ko yakoze iraka eshatu cyangwa enye.

Uburyo bwo kubama byo kwibagirwa

Kubama byo kwibagirwa bifite uburyo bune:

1. Igihe umuntu uri gusari yongereye igikorwa mu bikorwa by’iswala yibagiwe, nk’igihagararo cyangwa kunama cyangwa se kubama akaba yakubama nka kabiri cyangwa agahagarara aho yagombaga kwicara cyangwa se agasari iswala ifite raka enye we agasari eshanu, ategetswe kubama bikorwa n’uwibagiwe, yabyibuka mbere yo gusoza iswala cyangwa se nyuma yabyo. 
2. Igihe uri gusari agize icyo agabanya mu nkingi zigize iswala, iyo abyibutse mbere y’uko ajya ku nkingi ikurikiyeho mu iraka ikurikiye iyo yari arimo asali, ategetswe kongera gukora ibyo yari yibagiwe agakomereza ku bindi bikurikira, naho iyo abyibutse yatangiye iraka ikurikiyeho icyo gihe ntabwo yongera kubisubiramo ahubwo iyo raka yibagiwemo inkingi iba ibaye imfabusa. Naho iyo abyibutse yarangije gusoza iswala arongera agakora ya nkingi yibagiwe hamwe n’ibiyikurikira muri iyo raka, akubama byo kwibagirwa, n’iyo asoje yagabanyije nk’uwasayi iraka eshatu ku iswala ifite iraka enye agasoza, maze akibutswa, ahita ahaguruka adatangije TAKBIRAT (ALLAHU AKBARU) ku Niya yo gukomeza iswala, agasari iraka yibagiwe, nyuma akubama byo kwibagirwa agasoza. 
3. Iyo uri gusari yibagiwe kimwe mu byangombwa by’iswala nko kuba yakwibagirwa kwicara ATTAHIYATU ya mbere, icyo gihe ntategetswe kuyisubiramo, ahubwo yubama byo kwibagirwa mbere yo gusoza. 
4. Iyo urimo gusari akekeranyije ku mubare w’amaraka ese yaba yasaye eshatu cyangwa enye, icyo gihe afata umubare muto muri yo, agakora ibisigaye akubama byo kwibagirwa mbere yo gusoza. Igihe muri uko gukekeranya yagize hari ibyo yumva bifite ireme kurusha ibindi, ibyo bifite ireme nibyo agenderaho yarangiza akubama byo kwibagirwa (SIJ’DATU SAH’WI) nyuma agasoza. Igihe Imamu ahagurutse nyuma yo kurangiza iraka ya kabiri aticaye ATTAHIYATU hagati y’izo raka, iyo yibutse mbere yo guhaguruka ngo yeme neza asubira inyuma akicara, iyo yahageze akema ntabwo agaruka ngo yicare, ahubwo yubama inshuro ebyiri zo kwibagirwa (SIJIDATU SAH’WI) mbere y’indamutso yo gusoza iswala.

Icyitonderwa:

Iyo avuze amagambo yemewe mu iswala ariko akayavuga mu mwanya utari uwayo nko kuba yasoma imirongo ya Qor’ani igihe yubamye cyangwa yunamye cyangwa akavuga ATTAHIYATU igihe ahagaze n’ibindi nkibyo icyo gihe ntabwo iswala ye yononekara, ntanubwo ategetswe kubama byo kwibagirwa uretse ko kubikora ari byiza (kubama byo kwibagirwa).

Iyo MAAMUMA yasigaye inyuma agasigwa n’uyoboye iswala (IMAMU) ku nkingi y’iswala akajya kuyindi, nko kuba yatinda yunamye igihe Imamu yunamutse akajya kubama, icyo gihe MAAMUMA akora iyo nkingi yarangiza agakurikira Imamu.

Amagambo avugwa mu kubama byo kwibagirwa ni kimwe n’avugwa mu kubama gusanzwe mu iswala.

Iyo usali asoje iswala yibagiwe atarangije iswala neza akibuka akirangiza ko atarangije iswala neza, akora ibyo yibagiwe yarangiza akubama byo kwibagirwa.

Igihe yibagiwe kubama byo kwibagirwa, yarangiza agakora ibinyuranye n’iswala yaba mu magambo cyangwa se ibindi icyo gihe arubama byo kwibagirwa yarangiza akabona gusoza.

MAAMUMA mu iswala yubama akurikije IMAMU.

Iyo MAAMUMA hari ibyo yasanze byamunyuzeho nyuma Imamu akubama byo kwibagirwa; iyo uko kwibagirwa byabaye mubyo MAAMUMA yarimo, icyo gihe akurikira Imamu, naho iyo ibyo yibagiwe byari mubyo yasanze bakoze, icyo gihe ntabwo ari ngombwa ko yubama byo kwibagirwa hamwe na Imamu.

ISWALA Y’IMBAGA (SWALAT JAMAAT)

Iswala y’imbaga ni igikorwa cy’ingenzi gifite agaciro mu idini ya Islamu, igereranywa n’imirongo y’abamalaika mu kugandukira Imana kwabo, bigasa nk’ingabo igihe ziri ku rugamba zishyirwa mu birindiro byazo n’umugaba w’urugamba zimwumvira muri byose, ikaba kandi ari igikorwa gituma abantu bakundana, bamenyana, bagirirana impuhwe n’urukundo hagati yabo kubera guhura gatanu ku munsi kandi begeranye ku mirongo mu musigiti. Bikerekana icyubahiro cyabo n’imbaraga ndetse no gushyira hamwe kwabo basenyera umugozi umwe.

Imana yashyiriyeho abemera (abaislamu) guhurira mu mbaga mu bihe bigenwe, muri byo twavuga nk’ibihe bya kumanywa ndetse n’umugoroba nk’iswala eshanu ku munsi, hakaba ibiba rimwe mu cyumweru nk’iswala y’uwa gatanu (JUMUAT), hakabaho n’ibibaho kabiri mu mwaka nk’iswala z’ilaidi zombi, hakaba n’ibiba rimwe mu mwaka bihuza abayislamu baturutse mu bice byose by’isi aribyo imigenzo ya Hidjat, hakaba n’ibiba igihe habayeho ibihe bidasanzwe nk’ubwirakabiri bwaba ubuturuka ku zuba cyangwa se ku kwezi.

Umwanya iswala y’imbaga ifite:

Iswala y’imbaga ni itegeko kuri buri muyislamu w’igitsina gabo, ugeze ku gihe cyo kurebwa n’amategeko (watangiye kubarirwa ibikorwa bye), kandi adafite impamvu yamubuza yemewe nk’uburwayi n’izindi.

Ibyiza by’iswala y’imbaga:

1. Biturutse kuri Abdillai mwene Omar Imana (ibishimire), yavuze ko Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yagize iti: “Iswala y’imbaga iruta iy’umuntu umwe inzego makumyabiri na zirindwi”. Yakiriwe na Bukhariy na Muslim 
2. Ibyiza ku muyislamu ni ugusali iswala y’imbaga mu musigiti w’aho ari, keretse iyo ashoboye kugera ku misigiti ya Makkat, Madinah cyangwa uw’i Yerusalemu (Baytul Maqdis), kuko iswala ikorewe muri iyo misigiti irusha agaciro izikorewe ahandi. 
3. Usaliye iswala imwe mu musigiti w’i Makkat kimwe n’usaliye mu musigiti w’Intumwa y’Imana uri i Madina, abona ibihembo byikubye inshuro ibihumbi ijana (100.000) by’iswala ikorewe ahandi, naho usaliye mu musigiti w’i Yerusalem (Baytul Maqdis), abona ibihembo byikubye inshuro magana atanu (500) by’iswala ikorewe ahandi. 
4. Biremewe gusali iswala y’imbaga mu musigiti wakorewemo indi swala y’imbaga, ku bakererewe.

Ibirebana no gusalira mu misigiti ku gitsina gore:

Biremewe ku gitsina gore gusali iswala z’imbaga mu misigiti bitandukanyije n’abagabo, bagashyira ipaziya hagati yabo cyangwa ikindi kintu cyabatandukanya. Imvugo yakiriwe na Abdillahi mwene OMAR Imana ibishimire, yaravuze ati:

 “Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) yaragize iti: “Igihe abagore banyu bazabasaba uruhushya rwo kujya gusali mu misigiti nijoro, mujye mubemerera”. Yakiriwe na Bukhar na Muslim

Icyitonderwa:

Kwemererwa k’umugore kujya ku musigiti, ni ngombwa ko aba ari kumwe n’umuherekeje iyo umusigiti uri kure cyangwa ari mu ijoro, kandi uwo umuherekeje agomba kuba umwe mubaziririjwe kumurongora.

Umubare muke w’iswala y’imbaga ni abantu babiri (2), kandi uko umubare wabo ukomeza kwiyongera niko birushaho kuba byiza ku bijyanye n’iswala yabo, kandi Nyagasani akanabyishimira kurushaho.

Umuntu usaliye ku rugendo yarangiza akinjira mu musigiti abantu barimo gusali, nibyiza ko yakongera agasali hamwe nabo, iyo swala kuri we ikaba umugereka, kimwe kandi n’iyo umuntu yasaliye mu musigiti na Imamu mu iswala y’imbaga, yarangiza agasanga mu wundi musigiti bari gusali iyo swala mu mbaga, nawe yifatanya nabo bikaba umugereka kuri we.

Iyo Iswala y’itegeko itangiye, nta yindi swala umuntu yemerewe gusali, ahubwo agomba guhita yifatanya n’abandi mu y’itegeko, naho iyo iswala y’itegeko itangiye ari gusali iy’umugereka, arayihutisha, agahita yinjira muy’itegeko kugirango adacikwa na TAKBIRAT ya mbere.

Umuntu waretse gusali iswala y’imbaga mu musigiti kubera impamvu zemewe, nk’uburwayi cyangwa se ubwoba bwo kuba yagirirwa nabi mu nzira, n’izindi mpamvu zemewe mu idini, uwo muntu yandikirwa ibihembo by’iswala y’imbaga.

Umuntu waretse iswala y’imbaga ku bushake nta mpamvu zemewe, agasali wenyine, iswala ye iremerwa, ariko agahomba ibyiza bihambaye, kandi akanabona icyaha kuko atubahirije itegeko ry’Imana ryo gusali mu mbaga.

AMATEGEKO AREBANA NO KUYOBORA ISWALA

Kuyobora iswala bifite ibyiza bihambaye, No kubw’agaciro kabyo, Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) yarabikoze, kandi binakorwa n’abagiye bayisimbura ku buyobozi bw’abayislamu (Imana ibishimire).

Imamu uyoboye iswala, afite inshingano zihambaye niwe ubazwa iswala y’abo ayoboye, akagira ibyiza byinshi igihe yazitunganyije, akanahabwa ibihembo bingana n’iby’abamukurikiye mu Iswala.

Ibirebana no gukurikira Imamu

Ni ngombwa k’uyobowe mu iswala (MA’AMUMA) ko akurikira umuyoboye (IMAMU) mu iswala ye yose, nk’uko bivugwa n’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) aho igira iti:

 “Mu kuri Imamu yashyiriweho kugirango akurikirwe, naramuka avuze ALLAHU AK’BARU namwe mujye mubivuga, niyunama namwe mwuname, niyunamuka avuga “SAMI’ALLAHU LIMAN HAMIDAH”, namwe mwunamuke muvuga “ALLAHUMA RABANA WA LAKAL HAMDU” (Nyagasani ugusingizwa ni ukwawe)…”. Yakiriwe na BUKHAR na MUSLIM

Ukwiye kuyobora Iswala

Ukwiye kuyobora abandi mu iswala ni ubarusha gusoma Qor’ani neza, gufata ibice byinshi mu mutwe, azi n’amategeko arebana n’iswala. Ibi iyo bose babinganya, bayoborwa n’ubarusha kumenya imigenzo y’Intumwa y’Imana, iyo nabyo babinganya bayoborwa n’uwabatanze kuba umuyislamu, nabyo iyo babinganya, bayoborwa n’ubarusha ubukuru mu myaka, ibi byose iyo babinganya, hakorwa tombola.

Icyitonderwa:

Ibi byose, bikorwa ku musigiti udafite Imamu uhoraho. Naho igihe umusigiti ufite Imamu; icyo gihe niwe uba ufite uburenganzira mbere y’abandi.

Nk’uko bigaragara mu mvugo ya ABI MAS’UDI AL AN’SWAR (Imana imwishimire) aho yavuze ati:

 “Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaragize iti: “Uzayobora abantu mu iswala, azabe ari ubarusha gusoma igitabo cy’Imana (Qor’ani), nibaramuka banganya gusoma, bayoborwe n’ubarusha kumenya imigenzo y’Intumwa (Sunat), nibaramuka banganya kumenya imigenzo y’Intumwa, bazayoborwe n’uwababanjirije kwimuka (Hijirat), niba barimukiye rimwe, bajye bayoborwa n’uwabatanze kuba umuyislamu”. Yakiriwe na Muslim

Nyir’urugo, mu rugo rwe, na Imamu mu musigiti ayobora, nibo bafite uburenganzira bwo kuyobora iswala. Keretse undi wese babihera uburenganzira.

Ni ngombwa ko Imamu aba ari inyangamugayo, ariko igihe nta wundi uhari uretse umwangizi (uwigometse ku mategeko y’Imana, kubera ibyaha bikomeye akora), uwo byemewe ko bamujya inyuma mu iswala akabayobora.

Ntabwo byemewe gusalira inyuma y’umuntu (Imamu) iswala ye itemerwa, nko kuba uwo Imamu adafite isuku cyangwa se indi mpamvu, keretse uyobowe mu iswala atabizi; icyo gihe iswala ye iremerwa, naho Imamu ategetswe gusubiramo kuko Atari yujuje ibyangombwa by’iswala.

Ni ikizira gutanga Imamu mu bice by’iswala ukora ibyo atarakora. Ubikoze abizi kandi abyibuka, iswala ye irangirika. Naho gutinda kumukurikira bitewe n’impamvu nko kwibagirwa, kuranagara cyangwa ntiyumve Imamu kuko ari kure ye, Imamu akamusiga, icyo gihe ahita akora ibyo bamutanze gukora vuba vuba agakurikira Imamu, kandi ntacyo biba bitwaye.

Kugendana na Imamu mu iswala bifite uburyo bune:

1. Kubanziriza Imamu:
   Ni igihe uyobowe mu iswala (MA’AMUMA) atanze uyoboye (IMAMU) kugera kuri kimwe mu bice bigize iswala, nko kumutanga kunama (RUKUU) no kunamuka, cyangwa kubama(SIDJIDAT) n’ibindi. Icyo gikorwa ntabwo cyemewe, uramutse abikoze agomba gusubira inyuma akabikora nyuma ya Imamu, iyo atabikoze iswala ye irangirika. 
2. Kujyana na Imamu:
   Ni igihe uyobowe mu iswala (MA’AMUMA) akoreye rimwe n’uyoboye (IMAMU) igice mu bice by’iswala, nko kuvugira rimwe “TAK’BIRAT”, kunamira rimwe, kubama cyangwa mu gihe cyo gusoza (ASALAM) n’ahandi. Ibi nabyo ntibyemewe, ariko ntibyangiza iswala, keretse igihe bakoreye rimwe “TAK’BIRA” ya mbere itangira iswala, byo bituma iswala ye itemerwa. 
3. Gukurikira Imamu:
   Ni igihe ibikorwa by’uyobowe (MA’AMUMA) mu iswala bigiye bikurikira ibikorwa by’uyoboye (IMAMU). Ibi akaba aribyo bitegetswe mu iswala k’uyobowe (MA’AMUMA) kuko ari ugukurikira no kubahiriza itegeko ry’Umuremyi (ALLAH). 
4. Gutinda:
   Ni igihe uyobowe (MA’AMUMA) atinze ku gice mu bice bigize iswala kugeza ubwo uyoboye (IMAMU) agiriye ku kindi. Ibi nabyo ntibyemewe kuko harimo kudakurikira no kutubahiriza ibisabwa.Igihe umuntu asanze Imamu arangije iswala, agomba kwifatanya n’abandi baje nyuma, bagakora iswala y’imbaga, ariko iyo swala yabo ntabwo inganya agaciro n’iyayibanjirije.Usanze Imamu asigaje i RAKA imwe, icyo gihe abarirwa ko yakoranye nabo iswala y’imbaga yose, kandi usanze Imamu yunamye (RUKUU) bakajyana, icyo gihe abarirwa iyo RAKA amusanzemo, abanza kuvuga ALLAHU AK’BARU ya mbere (TAK’BIRATUL IH’RAMU) ahagaze, yarangiza agakora TAK’BIRA yo kunama (RUKUU) igihe bishobotse, iyo abonye ko bitamushobokera, agambirira (Niyat) kuvuga takbirat imwe mu mwanya wazo zombi.Umuntu winjiye agasanga Imamu ahagaze cyangwa yunamye (RUKUU) cyangwa yubamye (SIDJIDAT), amukurikira aho ari, kandi agahemberwa ibyo akoze bijyanye n’aho amusanze. Ariko ntabarirwa i RAKA keretse asanze atarunamuka (kuva RUKUU).Gukorana na Imamu TAK’BIRATUL IH’RAMU biba igihe cyose Imamu aba ataratangira gusoma SURAT AL FATIHAT (AL HAM’DU)Ni byiza ko Imamu yorohereza abo ayoboye mu iswala, ntatinde cyane kuko hashobora kuba harimo abanyantege nke, abarwayi, abasaza n’abandi bafite ibibazo binyuranye, ariko igihe ari wenyine, ashobora gutinda uko ashaka.Ukoroshya bisabwa kuri Imamu mu iswala, ni ugutunganya iswala neza ikabamo ibyangombwa byose bisabwa mu iswala nta gihungabanye, nk’uko byakozwe n’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) n’abasangirangendo bayo, ntabwo ari ibijyanye n’irari ry’abayobowe mu iswala, kugira ngo iswala irangire vuba, ahubwo igomba kuba yuzuye.Ni byiza ko abayobowe mu iswala (MA’AMUMA) bahagarara inyuma ya Imamu; igihe uyobowe ari umwe ajya ku ruhande rw’iburyo, naho ku gitsina gore, uyoboye iswala muri bo ajya hagati mu murongo wabo, ntabwo bamujya inyuma nk’abagabo.Biremewe ko ba MA’AMUMA bajya ku ruhande rw’iburyo rwa Imamu cyangwa bakajya iruhande rwe bamwegereye igihe bibaye ngombwa nko kuba aho basalira ari hato, ariko ntibemerewe kumujya imbere cyangwa se ku ruhande rw’ibumoso gusa, keretse ari amaburakindi.Imiterere y’imirongo inyuma ya ImamuAbaza inyuma ya Imamu ku murongo wa mbere n’iyikurikiye, ni abagabo abakuru n’abato igihe ari benshi, hanyuma Imirongo y’abagore ikaza inyuma y’imirongo y’abagabo, kandi ibigomba gukorwa ku mirongo y’abagore ni kimwe n’imirongo y’abagabo; aribyo kubanza kuzuza imirongo ya mbere ukurikizaho iyikurikiye ukirinda kugira umwanya usiga hagati y’abantu bari ku murongo umwe, kandi imirongo ikaba igororotse.Igihe abagore bakoze iswala y’imbaga bonyine, umurongo mwiza wabo ni uw’imbere, naho umubi ukaba uw’inyuma y’indi nko ku bagabo, naho igihe bari kumwe n’abagabo, umurongo mwiza w’abagore ni uw’inyuma umubi ukaba uw’imbere.Ntabwo byemewe ku bagore gukora imirongo yabo imbere y’iy’abagabo, ntibinanemewe ku bagabo gukora imirongo inyuma y’iy’abagore, keretse ari amaburakindi nk’umubyigano n’izindi mpamvu.Igihe umugore ahagaze mu murongo w’abagabo kubera kubura uko abigenza mu gihe hari umubyigano cyangwa se akabura aho asalira, agasalira hagati y’umurongo w’abagabo, ntabwo byangiza iswala ye ndetse n’iswala y’abasaliye inyuma ye. Biturutse kuri ABU HURAY’RAT Imana imwishimire yaravuze ati: Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti: “Imirongo myiza ku bagabo ni iy’imbere, naho imibi kuri bo ni iy’inyuma, n’imirongo myiza ku bagore ni iy’inyuma, naho imibi kuri bo ni iy’imbere”. Yakiriwe na Muslim. Uburyo bwo gutunganya imirongoNi byiza ko Imamu mbere yo gutangiza iswala ahindukira akareba abo ayoboye, akababwira bimwe muri ibi bikurikira nk’uko byakozwe n’Intumwa y’Imana: “Mwuzuze imirongo yanyu kandi muyitunganye”. Yakiriwe na BUKHARI Cyangwa akavuga ati: “Mutunganye imirongo yanyu kubera ko gutunganya imirongo biri mu bituma iswala yanyu itungana”. Yakiriwe na BUKHARI na MUSLIMU Ningombwa gutunganya imirongo barebeye ku ntugu za buri wese ndetse n’utubumbankore, kandi bakaziba imyanya isigara hagati y’umuntu n’undi, bakuzuza imirongo bahereye kuwa mbere bagakomeza.Umuntu wese iswala ye yemerwa, biremewe ko yaba Imamu kabone n’iyo yaba adashoboye guhagarara cyangwa se kunama n’ibindi.Ntibyemewe ko umugore ayobora abagabo mu iswala, ariko yemerewe kuyobora abagore bagenzi be.Biremewe gukurikira Imamu mu iswala y’umugereka wowe usali iy’itegeko, kimwe n’uko usali Alasri yakurikirwa n’usali Adhuhri.Biremewe ko umuntu yasari iswala ya AL ISHAI, nyuma ya Imamu umuyoboye urimo asali iswala ya AL MAGH’RIB we yagambiriye AL ISHAI, iyo ashatse barangije i RAKA ya gatatu aricara ATAHIYATU agasoza iswala ye cyangwa yashaka agakomeza akicara agategereza Imamu, akabanza agasari i RAKA ya kane ubundi bagasozereza rimwe kandi ibi nibyo byiza.Iyo banyuranyije cyane mu bikorwa, ntabwo icyo gihe akurikira Imamu, kuko iswala zanyu ziba zidakorwa kimwe, nk’iyo Imamu asali iswala y’ubwirakabiri uri inyuma ye asari iswala ya AL FAJIRI.Mu iswala Imamu asoma ijwi rikumvikana, igihe MA’AMUMA atarimo yumva igisomo cya Imamu, nko kuba ari kure ye, iyo arangije gusoma SURAT AL FATIHAT arakomeza agasoma indi SURAT ntabwo aceceka kuko aba atumva igisomo cya Imamu.Igihe Imamu agize imwe mu mpamvu zituma isuku ye yo gutawadha yangirika igihe ayoboye iswala, icyo gihe ahita ahagarika iswala ye agasimburwa n’umuri inyuma.Iyo hatagize umusimbura, buri wese akomeza iswala ku giti cye ntacyo bitwaye.Abakwiye kujya ku murongo wa mbereAbakwiye kujya ku murongo wa mbere no hafi ya Imamu, ni abantu bafite ubumenyi b’inararibonye mu idini, abo nibo bamusimbura bibaye ngombwa, ariko nabo bagomba kuza kare kugira ngo badasanga hari ababatanze iyo myanya.Mu mvugo yakiriwe na ABI MAS’UDI (Imana imwishimire) yaragize ati: Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) yajyaga idufata ku ntugu yarangiza ikavuga iti: “Mutunganye imirongo, ntimutatane imitima yanyu igatandukana, kandi inyuma yanjye hajye abafite ubumenyi b’inararibonye, nyuma mugende mukurikirana mushingiye uko murutana mu bumenyi”. Yakiriwe na MUSLIMUUburyo uyobowe mu Iswala (MA’AMUMA)
   yishyura iraka zamuciyehoUmuntu wasanze Imamu asigaje IRAKA imwe ku swala ya ADHUHURI cyangwa AL ASWIRI cyangwa AL ISHAI, nyuma y’ugusoza kwa Imamu, ategetswe gusali i RAKA eshatu zamunyuzeho, akora i RAKA imwe agasomamo SURAT AL FATIHAT n’indi SURAT ubundi akicara ATAHIYATU ya mbere, nyuma agasali i RAKA ebyiri agasoma SURAT AL FATIHAT yonyine, ubundi akicara ATAHIYATU ya nyuma, agasoza iyo RAKA yasanze Imamu agezeho, kuri we iba ibaye iya mbere.Igihe MA’AMUMA asanze Imamu ku RAKA ya nyuma ku iswala ya AL MAGH’RIB, iyo Imamu arangije arahaguruka agakora i RAKA agasomamo AL FATIHAT n’indi SURAT akicara ATAHIYAT ya mbere yarangiza agakora indi RAKA asomamo SURAT AL FATIHAT yonyine akicara ATAHIYATU ya kabiri akabona gusoza.Usanze Imamu ku i RAKA ya nyuma ku iswala ya AL FADJ’RI cyangwa iswala y’i JUMA, iyo Imamu asoje arahaguruka agakora i RAKA ya kabiri agasomamo SURAT AL FATIHAT n’indi SURAT akabona gusoza.Igihe hagize uwinjira Imamu ari kuri ATAHIYATU ya nyuma, arabanza agatangiza iswala takbirat ya mbere, akamukurikira aho ageze ku yindi takbirat, yarangiza akaza kuzuza iswala ye igihe Imamu arangije hakurikijwe iraka zamunyuzeho.Ntabwo iswala y’umuntu uhagaze wenyine inyuma y’imirongo y’abandi yemerwa, keretse igihe yabuze aho ajya muri iyo mirongo agasigara wenyine, kandi ntagomba kugira uwo avana mu murongo kugirango bahagararane.Iswala y’umugore uhagaze wenyine inyuma y’imirongo y’abagabo iremerwa igihe ari iswala y’imbaga ku bagabo n’abagore, naho igihe ari abagore bonyine nawe aba arebwa n’ibireba abagabo twavuze haruguru (Ntiyemerewe gusalira inyuma y’abandi keretse yabuze aho ajya mu mirongo).Biremewe ko Iswala y’umugereka yaba iyo ku manywa cyangwa nijoro rimwe na rimwe uyikorera mu rugo.Ni byiza ko igihe umuntu asanze mugenzi we asali wenyine mu iswala y’itegeko, yifatanya nawe kabone n’ubwo we yaba yarangije gusali. Biturutse ku musangirangendo w’Intumwa y’Imana witwa ABI SAIDI AL KHUDURI (Imana imwishimire) yavuze ko Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yabonye umugabo ariho asali wenyine aravuga ati: “Ese ntawatera inkunga mugenzi we akifatanya nawe mu Iswala?”. Yakiriwe na TIR’MIDHIY Ni byiza ko MA’AMUMA atasohoka mbere ya Imamu we, ariko Imamu nyuma yo gusoza iswala asabwa kudatinda mu musigiti, keretse igihe bakoreye iswala hamwe n’abagore, akarindira ngo babanze basohoke, ariko ubundi niwe ugomba gusohoka mbere.Biremewe ko MA’AMUMA yakurikira Imamu mu musigiti n’ubwo yaba atamureba nta narebe abari inyuma ya Imamu igihe yumva takbirat ariko imirongo y’abasali ikaba igera aho ari.Biremewe ko Imamu ahagararana n’abandi ku murongo umwe iyo aho gusalira habaye hato.Biremewe ko uyobowe mu iswala yitandukanya na Imamu igihe atinda birengeje urugero cyangwa se yihuta cyane, cyangwa MA’MUMA akagira ikibazo kimuvana mu iswala nko gusura cyangwa se gushaka kwihagarika yumva ko atabyihanganira, icyo gihe yitandukanya na Imamu agatangira iswala ye wenyine.Imamu avuga mu ijwi riranguruye kandi ryumvikana igihe aba avuga TAK’BIRAT n’igihe avuga SAMI’A LLAHU LIMAN HAMIDAH n’igihe avuga ASALAM yo gusoza iswala.Umuntu ugaragira ibitari Imana cyangwa agasaba akaniringira ibitari Imana, cyangwa se atambira ibindi bitari Imana, haba kumva z’abapfuye cyangwa se ahandi hantu, cyangwa asaba abapfuye , ntabwo byemewe kumujya inyuma mu iswala (Kuba yakuyobora mu iswala), kuko aba ari umuhakanyi, kandi umuhakanyi iswala ye ntiyemerwa.Guhana amaboko basuhuzanya bikorwa nyuma y’iswala iburyo n’ibumoso, bigasa nk’aho ari ngombwa ku bamaze gusali iswala z’itegeko, byo ni ibihimbano mu idini, kandi gusoma i DUA bavuga cyane Imamu n’abo ayoboye mu iswala z’itegeko eshanu (5) nabyo ntibyemewe kuko ari ibihimbano.Impamvu zemewe zatuma utitabira iswala y’Ijuma n’iy’ImbagaImpamvu zemewe zituma umuntu adasali iswala y’imbaga cyangwa se iswala y’ijuma, ni izi zikurikira:
5. Kuba afite uburwayi butamushoboza kuyitabira.
6. kuba nta mutekano mu nzira anyuramo.
7. Imvura cyangwa ibyondo byinshi.
8. Umuyaga mwinshi cyane wagirira nabi abantu mu bihugu bikunze kugaragaramo uwo muyaga.
9. Kuba umuntu ari ku rugendo rudatuma ahagarara kandi ataragera iyo ajya.
10. Abari mu mirimo y’ubutabazi nk’abaganga, abashinzwe umutekano, abazimya inkongi y’umuriro n’abandi bose bafite imirimo nk’iyo, abo bose bemerewe gusalira aho bari, kandi bakemererwa gukora iswala ya ADHUHURI mu mwanya w’iswala y’I JUMA bitewe n’impamvu muzavuzwe haruguru.

Kirazira kureka iswala y’imbaga ku mpamvu izo arizo zose zitemewe n’amategeko, nko gukina amakarita, igisoro, kureba imipira, filime n’ibindi byose birangaza, ntibyemerwa kuba impamvu zatuma udasali iswala y’imbaga cyangwa IJUMA.

Igihe Imamu ayoboye iswala adafite isuku ariko atabyibuka agakomeza kugeza arangije, iswala yabo bose hamwe na Imamu iremerwa, naho igihe abyibutse hagati mu iswala, iyo ari umwanda uri ku kintu yambaye nk’isogisi cyangwa asaliraho ashoboye kwikiza, akivanaho agakomeza iswala, naho igihe ibyo bidashobotse areka iswala agasohoka, akunganirwa n’umwe mu bamuri inyuma.

Iyo umuntu yasuye abantu siwe ubayobora mu iswala, ahubwo uwo yasuye niwe uyobora iswala, keretse abimuhereye uburenganzira.

Umurongo w’imbere niwo mwiza ku bari mu iswala, kandi uruhande rw’iburyo nirwo rwiza kuri uwo murongo kuruta uruhande rw’ibumoso, Imana iha imigisha abari ku murongo wa mbere n’ABAMALAIKA bakabasabira.

Intumwa y’Imana nayo yasabiye abari ku murongo wa mbere inshuro eshatu, isabira abari kumurongo wa kabiri inshuro imwe.

GUTINDA MU ISWALA CYANGWA KUYIHUTISHA

Ni byiza ko Imamu igihe yasomye igisomo kirekire, anatinda no kuzindi nkingi z’iswala nk’uko yabigenje mu gisomo, igihe kandi yagabanyije mu gisomo (ntatinde asoma) agomba no kudatinda ku zindi nkingi. Mu mvugo yakiriwe na BARAA BUN AZIB (Imana imwishimire) yaragize ati:

 “Nakoze iswala hamwe na Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha), nsanga igihagararo cye (mu iswala) n’i RAKA ye, no guhagarara nyuma yo kunamuka kwe, no kubama kwe, no kwicara hagati y’ukubama kubiri, no kubama kwa kabiri kwe, hamwe no kwicara hagati yo gusoza iswala no gusohoka mu musigiti byose, bisa nk’aho bingana”. Yakiriwe na BUKHARI na MUSLIMU

Bivuga ko iyo habayeho gutinda mu gisomo, n’ahandi kuzindi nkingi utagomba kwihuta cyane, ndetse n’iyo utatinze mu gusoma, ntugomba gutinda ku bindi bice by’iswala.

ISWALA KUBAFITE IBIBAZO

Abafite ibibazo, ni abarwayi, abari k’urugendo, abadafite umutekano batabasha gusali nk’uko bisanzwe ku bandi bose; abo bose kubw’impuhwe z’Imana, yaraborohereje ntiyabaveba kandi ntiyabima gukorera ibyiza, ibategeka gusali uko bashoboye nk’uko bikurikira:

ISWALA Y’UMURWAYI

Urwaye, ategetswe gusali ahagaze igihe abishoboye, iyo atabishoboye asali yicaye, atabishobora agasali aryamiye urubavu rwe rw’iburyo, atabishobora akaryamira urubavu rw’ ibumoso, atabishobora akaryama agaramye ibirenge bye byerekeye Qiblat, agakoresha umutwe awerekeza ku gituza cye bigendanye n’igice agezemo, nta narimwe yemerewe kureka iswala mu gihe cyose agifite ubwenge buzima. Nk’uko Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yasubije umusangirangendo wari urwaye igira iti:

 “Uzasali uhagaze, nutabishobora uzasali wicaye, nutabishobora uzasali uryamiye urubavu”.

Urwaye ategetswe kwisukura akoresheje amazi, iyo atabishoboye yisukuza igitaka (tayamamu), ibi byose iyo adashoboye kubyikorera abikorerwa n’undi, n’iyo atabishoboye ntabone n’ubimukorera, asali uko ari.

Urwaye iyo atangiye iswala yicaye, nyuma akabasha guhagarara, ahita akomeza ku buryo ashoboye.

Umurwayi yemerewe gusali agaramye igihe abigiriwemo inama na muganga, n’ubwo yaba ashoboye guhagarara.

Iyo umurwayi ashoboye guhagarara ntabashe kunama (Rukuu) no kubama (Sijida) abikora yubika umutwe.

Udashoboye kunama no kubama hasi, yunama akanubama yicaye, kubama kwe bigaca bugufi cyane k’ukunama kwe n’amaboko ye akayashyira ku mavi ye, kandi ntiyemerewe kwiyegereza ikintu ngo acyubameho nk’umusego n’ibindi.

Umurwayi nawe ategetswe kwerekera Qiblat mu iswala, atabishobora akerekera aho bishoboka.

Iyo bigoye urwaye gukora buri swala ku gihe cyayo, yemererwa guhuriza hamwe iswalat ya ADHUHURI na AL ASWIRI akanahuza AL MAGH’RIB na AL ISHAI.

Ibigoye mu iswalat ni ibituma kwibombarika bibura, kandi kwibombarika ni ugushyira umutima mu iswala no gutuza.

Umurwayi ushobora kujya ku musigiti, ategetswe gusali iswala y’imbaga (Djamaat).

Ibihembo byandikirwa umurwayi n’uri ku rugendo

Imana yandikira umurwayi ibihembo bingana n’ibyo yandikirwaga ku bikorwa byiza yakoraga Atari yarwara, n’uri ku rugendo yandikirwa ibihembo by’ibyiza yakoraga atari ku rugendo, kandi umurwayi ababarirwa ibyaha bye. Imvugo ya ABI MUSA (Imana imwishimire) yaravuze ati:

 “Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti: “Iyo umugaragu w’Imana arwaye cyangwa iyo agiye ku rugendo, yandikirwa nk’ibyo yakoraga ari muzima atari no k’urugendo”.

ISWALA Y’URI KU RUGENDO

Urugendo ni ukuva aho utuye ujya ahandi. Mu byiza by’ubuyislamu, harimo korohereza uri ku rugendo kugabanya iraka z’iswala no guhuza Iswala ebyiri, kubera ko akenshi rubamo inzitane, kandi ubuyislamu ari idini y’impuhwe no korohereza abantu. Igihe kimwe Omari Bin Khatwab yabajije Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) ati:

 “Yewe Ntumwa y’Imana, ko Imana yemerera kugabanya iraka z’iswala mu gihe cy’ubwoba, none abantu bakaba batekanye, ubwo biracyemewe ko bagabanya? Intumwa iramusubiza iti: “Iyo ni impano Imana yabahaye muzayakire”.

GUHINA NO GUHUZA ISWALA

Guhina ugabanya iraka k’uri ku rugendo ni Sunnat ikomeye mu gihe cy’amahoro cyangwa cy’ubwoba.

Ubikora uhina ugabanya iswala zifite iraka enye (Adhuhuri, Al Aswiri na Al Ishai), ugasari iraka ebyiri kandi ibyo ntibyemewe usibye k’urugendo gusa, naho iswala ya Maghrib na Subuh ntibijya bigabanywa na rimwe. Guhuza iswala ebyiri ku gihe kimwe ni byiza iyo hariho impamvu nk’urugendo.

Iyo umuyislamu akoze urugendo agenda n’amaguru, cyangwa n’ikigenderwaho imusozi cyangwa mu mazi cyangwa mu kirere, ni byiza (Sunnat) ko ahina iswala y’iraka enye akayigira iraka ebyiri, ni byiza ko kandi ahuza iswala ebyiri mu gihe cy’imwe kugeza asoje urugendo rwe. Imvugo ya AISHA (Imana imwishimire) yaravuze, ati:

 “Iswala itegekwa bwa mbere yari raka ebyiri, zagumyeho k’uri k’urugendo, zongerwaho izindi ebyiri k’utuye”.

Urugendo rwemerera umuntu guhuza iswala ebyiri no kugabanya iraka zazo, ni urwitwa urugendo mu byo abantu bamenyereye, urwo nirwo rugendo ruba rugamijwe ku mategeko yose ajyanye n’abari ku rugendo nko guhuza iswala ebyiri, kugabanya iraka zazo, kurya ku manywa mu gisibo n’ibindi. Ibyo bitangira iyo uri ku rugendo atandukanye n’aho atuye arenze akarere ke atuyemo.

Igihe cyose uri ku rugendo atiyemeje gutura cyangwa kuguma aho ari afatwa nk’uri k’urugendo akarebwa n’amategeko y’urugendo kugeza asubiye aho atuye.

Ni byiza uri k’urugendo kugabanya iraka z’iswala, kandi iyo azujuje iswala iremerwa.

Iyo iswala iyobowe n’utuye, uri ku rugendo umusaliye inyuma aruzuza agasali iraka enye.

Naho iyo uri ku rugendo ayoboye iswala, arahina abatuye ayoboye mu iswala bakuzuza iraka enye zigize iswala nyuma y’uko atanze salamu yo gusoza.

Ni byiza ko uri ku rugendo iyo ariwe wayoboye iswala amenyesha abo ayoboye ko we ari bugabanye kugirango baze gukomeza buzuze iraka zose, nk’uko Intumwa y’Imana yabigenzaga.

Kureka imigereka ihoraho, ni byiza mu rugendo uretse TAHADJUDI, WITRI na Sunnat ya mbere ya AL FADJIRI, naho iswala z’imigegeka zisanzwe zo ziremewe k’uri ku rugendo no k’utuye n’iswala z’imigereka zifite impamvu nko kwinjira mu musigiti, dhwuha n’izindi.

Gusingiza Imana nyuma y’iswalat z’itegeko ni umugenzo mwiza k’uri ku rugendo n’utaruriho ku bagabo n’abagore.

Abahora mu ngendo batwara indege, imodoka, amato, gari ya moshi bakoresha uburenganzira bw’uri ku rugendo.

Ni byiza ko uri ku rugendo iyo agarutse iwe, abanza kunyura ku musigiti, agasali iraka ebyiri mu rwego rwo kumenyesha ab’iwe koyagarutse kuko si byiza kubatungura.

Uwibagiwe iswala aria ho atuye, akaza kuyibuka ari ku rugendo, ayisali ayigabanyije kuko ikirebwa ni aho ari ntabwo ari igihe cy’iyo swala yari yibagiwe, naho iyo binyuranye n’ibi wuzuza iraka zose enye.

Uhuje iswala ebyiri ku gihe kimwe, atora ADHANA imwe kuri zose na IQAMA kuri buri swala, ubwo asali iswala ya mbere, nyuma akongera indi IQAMA agasali iya kabiri.

Iyo abari ku rugendo barenze umwe basali DJAMAAT, ariko iyo ari mu gihe cy’imbeho cyangwa imvura n’imiyaga bikaze buri wese asalira aho ari.

Iyo uri ku rugendo agize impamvu imubuza gukomeza urugendo rwe kandi Atari agambiriye gutura cyangwa akahaguma kubera ibibazo ahafite ashaka kurangiza nta mugambi wo kuhatura afite, icyo gihe yemererwa kugabanya iraka z’iswala n’ubwo yahatinda.

Iyo igihe cy’iswala kigeze agatangira urugendo, yemerewe guhuza iswala ebyiri no kugabanya iraka zazo, naho iyo igihe cy’iswala kigeze akiri mu rugendo maze akagaruka iwe atari yasali, uwo ategetswe kuzuza iraka z’iswala.

Iyo uri ku rugendo ari mu ndege, akabura aho asalila mu buryo busanzwe bw’iswala, asalila aho ari ahagaze yerekeye Qibla iyo bishoboka, akajya RUKUU uko abishoboye mu buryo bw’amarenga yubika umutwe, naho kubama iyo bitamushobokeye abikora uko bishoboka yaba yicaye ku ntebe n’ubundi buryo bumworoheye bitewe n’umwanya w’aho ari, iyo ibyo bidashobotse asali uko ashoboye keretse ari bugere aho agana igihe cy’iswala kigihari, icyo gihe ararindira agasali ahageze.

Ukoze urugendo rw’I Makka cyangwa ahandi agasalila inyuma ya Imamu yuzuzana nawe iraka zose, ariko iyo asanze Imamu yarangije iswala, ibyiza kuri we ni ukugabaya iraka.

Uri ku rugendo akanyura ahantu akahumva ADHANA cyangwa IQAMAT kandi atari yasali, iyo abishatse arahagarara akifatanya nabo iswala y’imbaga, cyangwa agakomeza urugendo rwe.

Uburyo bwo guhuza Iswalat

Ni byiza k’uri ku rugendo guhuza ADHUHURI na AL ASWIRI mu gihe kimwe, na MAGH’RIB na AL ISHAI mu gihe kimwe. Nk’uko tubisanga mu mvugo ya ABDILLAHI mwene ABAS (Imana ibishimire) igira iti:

 “Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yajyaga ihuza ADHUHURI na AL ASWIRI iyo yabaga iri ku rugendo, ikanahuza MAGH’RIB na AL ISHAI”. Yakiriwe na Bukhariy

No mu yindi mvugo yaturutse kuri ANASI mwene MALIKI (Imana imwishimire) yaravuze ati:

 “Iyo Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) yajyaga mu rugendo mbere y’uko igihe cy’iswala ya ADHUHURI kigera, yarayikerezaga akayisali mu gihe cy’iswala ya AL ASRI maze akazihuriza hamwe, naho iyo igihe cya ADHUHURI cyageraga ataratangira urugendo, yasalaga ADHUHURI akabona gutangira urugendo”. Yakiriwe na Bukhariy na Muslim

Iyo umuntu atangiye urugendo mbere y’uko izuba rirenga, akerereza MAGH’RIBI akayisali hamwe na AL ISHAI, naho iyo arukoze nyuma y’uko izuba rirenga, yihutisha ALISHAI akayisali hamwe na MAGH’RIBI.

NI byiza mu migenzo ya HIDJA guhuza ADHUHUR na AL ASRI no kugabanya iraka zazo, igihe bari ku musozi wa ARAFAT.

Ni ngombwa ku bari ku rugendo gusali DJAMAAT iyo biboroheye, iyo bidashobotse basali buri umwe ku giti cye mu buryo bashoboye bitewe n’aho bari, ariko ni byiza ko atora ADHANA na IQAMAT N’ubwo yaba ari umwe.

Ni byiza gusali iswala z’imigereka k’uri k’urugendo ari ku kimutwaye, agatangiza TAK’BIRA yerekeye Qiblat iyo bishobotse, bitashoboka akareba aho ariho hose.

Ni byiza gutangiza urugendo mu gitondo, bitashoboka kumanywa, no kudakora urugendo uri wenyine ahubwo ukagira uguherekeza, kandi iyo murenze batatu mwitoramo ubayobora mu rugendo.

Ni byiza gukora urugendo ari kuwa kane iyo bishoboka.

Impamvu zemerera umuntu guhuza iswala atari ku rugendo

1. Umurwayi bigora gusali buri swala ku gihe cyayo, yemerewe guhuza ADHUHURI na ALASRI cyangwa MAGH’RIB na ALISHAI.
2. Abari mu iswala y’imbaga mu ijoro ririmo imvura, ibyondo imbeho n’imiyaga bikabije, bemerewe guhuza MAGHRIBI NA ISHAI ku gihe cya Maghribi ariko bakuzuza iraka zisanzwe.
3. Uhorana amaraso yarenze ibihe bye by’imihango bisanzwe n’ufite uburwayi bwo gutonyanaga inkari zidakama, abo nabo bemerewe guhuza iswala ebyiri mu gihe kimwe mu rwego rwo kuborohereza.
4. Ufite ubwoba ku buzima bwe, ubw’ab’iwe n’umutungo we, nawe yemerewe guhuza iswala ebyiri ku gihe kimwe.

ISWALA YO MU GIHE CY’UBWOBA

Islamu ni idini y’impuhwe no korohereza abantu, kandi iswala z’itegeko kubw’akamaro n’agaciro zifite ntabwo zijya zirekwa na rimwe, niyo mpamvu iyo ari mu bihe by’ubwoba nk’igihe abayislamu bari mu mirongo y’urugamba, bagatinya ko batungurwa n’umwanzi, bemerewe gusali iswala yo mu gihe cy’ubwoba mu buryo bwihariye.

Uko Iswala yo mu gihe cy’ubwoba ikorwa

Igihe cy’ubwoba kigamijwe ni ibihe by’intambara. Iswala yo muri ibyo bihe ikorwa mu buryo bunyuranye kandi bwose buremewe kuko bwakozwe n’Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi, muri bwo twavuga nk’igihe umwanzi ari imbere yabo mu cyerekezo cya Qibla, icyo gihe basali muri ubu buryo:

Imamu atangiza iswala, inyuma ye bagakora imirongo ibiri, bose hamwe bakavuga TAK’BIRA itangira iswala, bakajya rukuu bakanavirayo icyarimwe,maze abari ku murongo wa mbere inyuma ya Imamu bakubama (SUDJUDU) hamwe na IMAMU, abandi bagasigara bahagaze, aba mbere bava SUJUDU, Imamu agasigarayo ategereje abo ku wa kabiri bari basigaye bahagaze, abavuye SUJUDU bamara kuzamuka bahagaze, babandi bo ku murongo wa kabiri nabo bakubama (SUJUDU)bagasanga Imamu yicaye abategereje, bagahagurukira rimwe na IMAMU, bagasanga abo kuwa mbere bagihagaze.

Maze bagafatanya igihagaro cy’iraka ya kabiri, bakunama bakanunamukira rimwe bose, maze Imamu akubama (SUJUDU) hamwe n’abo ku murongo wa mbere, abo kuwa kabiri bakaba baretse kubama, maze abo bubamye hamwe na Imamu bagatora salamu yo gusoza ariko Imamu we ntasoza hamwe nabo, ahubwo ategereza abasigaye,maze abamaze gusoza iswala bagahita bazamuka bakajya guhagarara mu birindiro, maze abasigaye bahagaze nabo bakubama bwa nyuma, bagasanga IMAMU akibategereje, bagasoreza iswala rimwe.

Kugirango iyo swala yemerwe hasabwa ibintu bibri bikurikira:

1. Kuba urwo rugamba rwemewe n’amategeko y’idini
2. Kuba abayislamu batinya gutungurwa n’igitero mu gihe bari gusali.

Gutegekwa iswala no kyuyikora muri ubu buryo, bigaragaza uburemere bw’iswala muri islamu kandi ko nta narimwe byemewe kuyireka kabone no mu bihe bikomeye nk’ibi.

ISWALA YA IDJUMA (Iswala yo kuwa gatanu)

Imana yategetse abayislamu ibiterane binyuranye (DJAMAAT) kubera gushimangira no kwimakaza ubumwe bwabo n’urukundo hagati yabo nk’iswala ya IDJUMA (Kuwa gatanu), ila?di zombi, umutambagiro wa HIDJA.

Agaciro k’uwo munsi

Nk’uko tubisanga mu mvugo yaturutse kuri ABI HURAYIRAT (Imana imwishimire), yavuze ko Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yavuze iti:

 “Umunsi uruta indi, ni umunsi wa IJUMA, niwo munsi ADAMU yaremwe, ni nawo munsi yinjijwe mu ijuru, ni nawo yarivanwemo, n’imperuka ntizaba atari ku ijuma”. Yakiriwe na Muslim

Umwanya iswala y’IDJUMA ifite muri Islamu:

Iswala y’IDJUMA, ni iraka ebyiri, itegetswe buri muyislamu, w’igitsina gabo ukuze, ufite ubwenge kandi utari mu rugendo.

Iswala y’IJUMA ntitegetswe umugore, umurwayi, umwana, n’uri ku rugendo, ariko barabyemerewe ndetse ntibyemewe kubabuza kujya gusali ijuma igihe babishaka.

Igihe cyayo

Igihe cy’iswala y’idjuma ni nk’igihe cya Swalat Adhuhur.

Ni byiza ko hagati ya Adhana zombi habamo akanya gafasha abaturuka kure n’ababa bitegura kugirango badakererwa.

Ni ngombwa ko ikorwa mu gihe cyayo giteganyijwe kandi abayikora bakarenga batatu, ikabanzirizwa n’inyigisho zo kuri uwo munsi zitangwa mu byiciro bibiri (Khutubat ebyiri).

Iswala ya Idjumat isimbura Adhuhuri, ni ngombwa kuyihozaho kuko uretse Idjumat eshatu nta mpamvu yemewe n’idini, Imana itera ikimenyetso cyo kwigomeka ku mutima we.

Ni byiza kwiyuhagira no kuzinduka ugana idjumat.

Igihe cyo kwiyuhagira ni uguhera mu gitondo kugeza mbere y’idjumat, ariko iyo bishobotse ibyiza ni ukubitinza ukiyuhagira ijuma yegereje.

Ibyiza byo kwiyuhagira no kugera
ku musigiti kare ujya gusali ijuma

Kwiyuhagira no kuzinduka ku munsi wa IJUMA, bifite ibyiza byinshi, nk’uko tubisanga mu mvugo yaturutse kuri ABI HURAYRAT (Imana imwishimire) yavuze Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yavuze iti:

 “Uziyuhagira ku munsi w’Ijuma nk’uko yiyuhagira ijanaba, hanyuma akajya ku musigiti ku isaha ya mbere, uwo yandikirwa ibihembo nk’ibyuwatanze ituro ry’ingamiya, n’uzagerayo ku isaha ya kabiri, uwo azandikirwa ibihembo nk’iby’uwatanze ituro ry’inka, naho uzahagera ku isaha ya gatatu azandikirwa ibihembo nk’iby’uwatanze ituro ry’intama, n’uzahagera ku isaha ya kane, azandikirwa ibihembo nk’iby’uwatanze ituro ry’inkoko, naho uzahagera ku isaha ya gatanu, azandikirwa ibihembo nk’iby’uwatanze ituro ry’igi, iyo Imamu ageze kuri Mimbari agiye gutanga inyigisho, abamalaika baraza bakazumva”. Yakiriwe na Bukhariy na Muslim

Icyitonderwa:

Amasaha atanu avugwa muri iyi mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana, uyamenya mu buryo bwo gufata amasaha yose ari hagati y’ukurasa kw’izuba kugeza igihe Imamu yinjira mimbari, ukayagabanya gatanu, ibyo ubonye niyo ngano y’isaha imwe, ubwo bikagufasha kumenya isaha wagereye mu musigiti n’ibihembo wabona.

Igihe cyiza cyo kujya gusali Ijuma

Igihe cyiza, ni ukuva izuba rirashe, naho igihe cy’itegeko cyo kujya ku ijuma, ni igihe cya Adhana ya kabiri aribwo Imamu aba yinjiye kuri Mimbari.

Ntibyemewe k’utegetswe ijuma, gutangira urugendo ku munsi w’ijuma nyuma ya Adhana ya kabiri, keretse ku maburakindi nko gutinya gusigwa n’imodoka, indege n’ibindi Ibyo bishimangirwa n’imvugo y’Imana aho igira iti:

 “Yemwe abemeye, igihe hahamagariwe iswala y’umunsi w’ijuma, mujye mwihutira kujya kwibuka Imana mureke , ibyo nibyo byiza kuri mwe niba mwari mubizi”. Qor’an 62:9

Ukoranye iraka imwe ya ijuma na Imamu, iyo imamu asoje iswala, yuzuza isigaye akabarirwa idjumat.

Usanze Imamu yavuye RUKUU yo ku iraka ya kabiri ya ijuma, aba yacitswe n’iswala ya ijuma, bityo, agomba kugambirira ADHUHURI akamukurikira, Imamu yasoza, we agasali iraka enye.

Ibyiza kuri Maamuma ni ukuzinduka bakahagera kare, Imamu akaza igihe cya khutubat.

Ni byiza ko Khutubat (inyigisho) zivugwa mu mutwe, bidashobotse hakifashishwa inyandiko.

Ni byiza ko khutubat y’ijuma (inyigisho) zitangirwa ahantu hegutse (Mimbari) ku nzego eshatu, hatabonetse MIMBALI imamu akishingikiriza inkoni.

Ni byiza ko inyigisho ziba mu rurimi rw’icyarabu k’ukizi neza, agasobanurira abatarwumva bidashobotse, zitangwa mu rurimi rushoboka, ariko iswala yo igomba kuba mu cyarabu.

Umugenzi iyo ashyikiye ahari idjumat akumva adhana, agomba kuyitabira, anemerewe kuba yayisalisha akanigisha (Khutubat) iyo abishoboye akanabihererwa uburenganzira.

Ibiranga utanga Khutubat

Kugira ngo inyigisho zumvikane neza, uzitanga agomba:

•  Kuzamura ijwi.
•  Kuvugana ubushake bwinshi ashishikaye.
•  Aburira abo yigisha.
•  Kwigisha ari kuri MIMBALI ifite ingazi eshatu. Iyo yinjiye yurira MIMBALI akerekera abaislamu akabaramutsa (ASSALAM), akicara hagatorwa Adhana ya kabiri nyuma agatangira Khutubat ahagaze yifashishije inkoni iyo bikenewe cyangwa iyo nta MIMBALI ihari, nyuma akicara gato agatangira Khutubat ya kabiri ahagaze na none.

Imiterere ya Khutubat

KHUTUBAT (Inyigisho ya Idjumat) itangizwa no gushimira Imana (ATTAHMIDI), nkuko intumwa yayitangiraga cyangwa n’indi TAHMIDI, nyuma ukibutsa unakangurira abaislamu icyubahiro cy’Imana inyigisho za TAWUHID na IMANI, ibisingizo by’Imana, ukibutsa ingabire n’inema z’Imana n’ibindi byiza; ukanababurira ibihano by’abigomeka n’abatumvira Imana n’ibindi.

Ni byiza (Sunnat) guhina Khutubat, iswalat ukayigira ndende.

Ni byiza (Sunnat) ko utanga Khutuba asoma imwe mu mirongo ya Qor’ani muri Khutuba.

Ni byiza ko ba maamuma berekera utanga Khutubat igihe ageze muri MIMBARI kugira ngo babe kumwe nawe bibarinde kurangara no kuba basinzira muri Khutuba.

Imiterere y’iswalat y’idjumat

Iswala y’idjumat igizwe n’iraka ebyiri; ni byiza gusoma mu iraka ya mbere SURAT AL DJUMAT, mu iraka ya kabiri SURAT AL MUNAFIQUNA cyangwa mu iraka ya mbere SURAT AL DJUMAT, mu iraka ya kabiri AL GHASHIYAT cyangwa mu iraka ya mbere SURAT AL AALA, mu iraka ya kabiri AL GHASHIYAT kandi n’iyo wasoma n’indi biremewe.

Iyo umaze gusali iraka ebyiri ugasoza na Salamu.

Imiterere y’iswala z’imigereka y’idjumat

Ni byiza gusali nyuma y’idjumat mu rugo iraka ebyiri, rimwe na rimwe iraka enye buri ebyiri ugasoza na Salamu.

Nta Sunnat yihariye mbere y’idjumat, usali izo ushatse zemewe.

Kuvuga, kuganira no gukina muri Khutubat, bigabanya ibihembo by’idjuma, ni n’icyaha k’ubikora, kandi ntibyemewe kuvuga keretse Imamu wenyine, cyangwa uvugishijwe na Imamu kubifite inyungu. Naho kwikiriza Salamu no gusabira uwitsamuye birabujijwe. Ikindi kandi mbere ya Khutubat na nyuma yayo biremewe kuvuga.

Birabujijwe kurenga abantu ujya imbere igihe Imamu yatangiye Khutubat.

Iyo winjiye, Imamu ari gutanga khutubat usali raka ebyiri.

Ni byiza kwiyuhagira ku idjumat, bikaba ngombwa (itegeko) iyo impumuro yo ku mubiri atari nziza nk’uko tubisanga mu mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) aho igira iti:

 “Kwiyuhagira ku munsi w’idjumat ni ngombwa kuri buri wese udafite isuku”.

Ni byiza nyuma yo kwiyuhagira kwisiga no kwihumuza, ukanambara imyiza mu myambaro yawe, ukajya ku musigiti kare, ukicara hafi ya Imamu, ugasari iraka ebyiri, ugasaba Imana cyane, ugasoma Qor’ani igihe Imam ataratangira khutuba.

Imamu niwe uyobora Khutubat n’iswala, ariko biremewe ko umwe yatanga Khutubat hakaba hasalisha undi kubera impamvu.

Ni byiza (Sunnat) gusoma SURAT AL KAHAF mu ijoro rishyira uwa gatanu n’amanywa yawo, uyisomye imubera urumuri hagati y’idjumat ebyiri.

Ni byiza cyane kurushaho gusabira Intumwa y’Imana mu ijoro ry’idjumat n’umunsi wayo nk’uko tubisanga mu mvugo y’Intumwa y’ Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) aho yagize iti:

 “Uzansabira ku Mana inshuro imwe, Imana izabimuha inshuro icumi”. Yakiriwe na Muslim

Ni byiza gusabira Islam n’abaislamu ku Mana ko yabarinda, ikabatabara, ikabahuza bagashyira hamwe, n’ibindi Imamu akabikora atunze agatoki ke ka shahada atazamuye ibiganza bye.

Igihe cyo kwakirwa kw’ubusabe bwo ku idjumat

Ni igihe gisoza umunsi w’idjumat nyuma ya AL ASWIRI; ni byiza gusingiza no gusaba Imana cyane muri ibyo bihe, kuko ubusabe bwakwakirwa.

Ukerewe idjumat asali iraka enye za Adhuhuri iyo afite impamvu nta cyaha, naho iyo adafite impamvu abona icyaha kuko atitabiriye idjumat ku bushake.

Iyo ilaidi yahuye n’idjuma uwasaye ilaidi ntategetswe gusali idjumat, asali Adhuhuri, usibye Imamu hamwe n’abatasayi ilaidi, biranemewe kuba wasali ilaidi n’idjumat.

ISWALA Z’IMIGEREKA

Kubera Impuhwe z’Imana ku bagaragu bayo, yabashyiriyeho kuri buri swala y’itegeko iswala z’imigereka kugira ngo bibongerere ukwemera mu kuzubahiriza kandi zikazanaziba icyuho cyabonetse ku z’itegeko ku munsi w’imperuka.

Mu iswala harimo iz’itegeko n’iz’imigereka nk’uko no mu gisibo hari iby’iby’itegeko n’iby’imigereka ndetse no muri Hadj niko bimeze no mu gutanga.

Umugaragu w’Imana akomeza kurangwa no kwiyegereza Imana yifashishije imigereka kugeza ubwo akunzwe n’Imana.

Mu swala z’imigereka harimo:

•  Izikorerwa mu mbaga nka TARAWEH, ISTISQAA (Iswala yo gusaba imvura), AL’ KUSUF (Iswala y’igihe habayeho ubwira kabiri) n’iswala z’ilaidi zombi.
•  Izidakorerwa mu mbaga nka ISTIKHARAT (Iswala yo gusaba Imana kuguhitiramo hagati y’ibyiza bibiri)
•  Izigendana n’iz’itegeko nk’imigereka ihoraho ya mbere na nyuma y’Iswala.
•  Izitagendana n’iz’itegeko nk’iswala ya DWUHA (Iswala y’igihe cy’agasusuruko)
•  Iz’igihe runaka nka TAHADJUD.
•  Izitagira igihe nk’imigereka mu buryo bwa rusange.
•  Izishingiye ku gikorwa runaka nk’iraka ebyiri z’igihe winjiye mu musigiti n’iza nyuma yo gutawaza.
•  Izegereye kuba itegeko (MUAKADAT) nk’iz’ilaidi zombi, gusaba imvura, iz’ubwira kabiri na Witiri.

Ibi byose ni impuhwe z’Imana ku bagaragu bayo, kuba ko yabashyiriyeho ibyabafasha kuyiyegereza kugira ngo babashe kuzamurwa mu nzego z’ibyiza no kubabarirwa ibyaha no kubatuburira ibyiza.

Imigereka ihoraho (ARAWATIB)

Iyi migereka ni iswala mbere na nyuma y’iz’itegeko, zikaba zirimo ibice bibiri bikurikira:

•  Imegereka ikomeye yegera kuba itegeko (AL-MU-AKADAH)
•  Izo ni iraka cumi n’ebyiri (12) zikorwa mu buryo bukurikira:
•  IRAKA enye (4) mbere y’iswala ya DHUHURI n’ebyiri nyuma yayo
•  IRAKA ebyiri (2) nyuma ya MAGH’RIBI
•  IRAKA ebyiri nyuma ya AL’ISHAI
•  IRAKA ebyiri mbere ya AL’FAJ’RI 

Ibi bishimangirwa n’imvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana igira iti:

 “Nta mugaragau w’Imana n’umwe, uzasali iraka cumi n’ebyiri ku munsi z’imigegereka zitari itegeko, uretse ko Imana izamwubakira ingoro mu ijuru”. Yakiriwe na Muslim

Biranemewe ko rimwe na rimwe wasali Iraka icumi ku munsi, ugasali ebyiri mbere ya ADHUHUR aho kuba enye.

Muri izi raka cumi n’ebyiri, izifite ibihembo byinshi kurusha izindi, ni iraka ebyiri za mbere ya ALFAJ’RI, kandi ibyiza ni ukuzoroshya no gusoma SURATU AL KAFIRUN nyuma ya AL FATIHAT ku iraka ya mbere, na SURATU AL IKH’LAS ku iraka ya kabiri nyuma ya ALFATIHAT.

Imigereka idakomeye, umuntu ashobora gusali atayihozaho

Nk’iraka ebyiri mbere ya ALAS’RI n’ebyiri mbere ya MGH’RIBI n’ebyiri mbere ya ALISHAI, ni na byiza kuzirikana gusali iraka enye mbere ya ALAS’RI.

Imigereka isanzwe yo ku manywa na nijoro, ikorwa mu iraka ebyiri ebyiri, kandi iy’ijoro mu gicuku niyo myiza ifite uburemere.

Ucitswe n’imwe muri izi swala z’imigereka yegera kuba itegeko ihoraho kubera impamvu, ni byiza kuri we kuzishyura mu kindi gihe.

Ni byiza gutandukanya hagati y’iswala y’itegeko n’iy’umugereka uyibanziriza cyangwa uwa nyuma yayo wimuka aho wasaliye cyangwa ukagira uwo muvugana.

Iyi migereka ikorerwa mu misigiti cyangwa mu ngo, ariko mu ngo nibyo byiza kurushaho. Biremewe gusali iswala y’umugereka wicaye n’ubwo waba ushoboye guhagarara, ariko uyisaye uhagaze nibyo byiza kurushaho kuko iyo uyisaye wicaye ubona kimwe cya kabiri (1/2) cy’ibihembo by’uwayisaye ahagaze, naho iswala y’itegeko guhagarara ni imwe mu nkingi ziyigize keretse k’uwo bidashobokera bitewe n’impamvu nk’uburwayi.

TAHIYATUL MAS’JID (Indamutso y’umusigiti)

Ni iswala igira RAKA ebyiri (2) usali ukigera mu musigiti.

TARAWEH
Taraweh bivuga kuruhuka, yiswe ityo kuko abantu baruhukaga hagati ya buri raka enye, Bikaba ari igihagararo cyo mu kwezi kwa RAMADHAN nyuma y’iswala ya AL’ISHAI.

Iswala y’itarawehe ni umugereka uremereye wegera kuba itegeko, washimagiwe n’imigenzo y’Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha), kandi ikaba umwe mu migereka ikorwa mu mbaga mu kwezi kwa Ramadhani.

Ibyiza bya tarawehe:

Intumwa y’Imana Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yashishikarije abantu kuyikora inagaragaza ibyiza byayo, igira iti:

 “Uzakora igihagararo cyo muri RAMADHANI afite ukwemera guhamye kandi ashaka ibihembo ku Mana, azababarirwa ibyaha bye byahise”. Yakiriwe na Bukhariy na Muslim

Na none Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti:

 “Mu kuri uzasali igihagararo cyo muri RAMADHANI hamwe na Imamu kugeza igihe arangirije, yandikirwa nk’uwakoze igihagararo cy’ijoro ryose”. Yakiriwe na Abu Dawud na Tir’midhiy

Uko itarawehe ikorwa

Ni byiza ko Imamu asalisha abayislamu iraka cumi n’imwe muri tarawehe cyangwa cumi n’eshatu, agatora salamu kuri buri raka ebyiri, ibyo bikaba ari byo byiza, nk’uko tubisanga mu mvugo ya Aishat (Imana imwishimire) ubwo yabazwaga ku iswala y’Intumwa y’Imana mu kwezi kwa RAMADHANI arasubiza ati:

 “Intumwa y’Imana ntiyigeze irenza iraka cumi n’imwe haba muri RAMADHANI no mu bindi bihe, yajyaga asali iraka enye, ntubaze ubwiza n’uburebure bwazo, akongera agasali izindi enye ntubaze ubwiza n’uburebure bwazo, nyuma agasali iraka eshatu”. Yakiriwe na Bukhariy

No mu yindi mvugo ya ABDILLAHI mwene ABAS (Imana ibishimire bombi) yaravuze ati:

 “Intumwa y’Imana yajyaga isali iraka cumi n’eshatu mu ijoro”. Yakiriwe na Bukhariy na Muslim

Ni byiza ko Imamu asalisha abayislamu iraka cumi n’imwe cyangwa cumi n’eshatu, ariko mu mpera za RAMADHANI zikagira umwihariko wo kuba ndende mu gihagararo, kunama no kubama.

Biremewe ko Imamu yarenza iraka zavuzwe haruguru, kandi ni byiza ko abamukurikiye bagumana nawe kugeza arangije n’ubwo yazirenza, kugira ngo bandikirwe ibihembo by’igihagararo cy’ijoro ryose.

Uyobora abandi muri Tarawehe ni ubarusha gusoma no gufata mu mutwe Qor’an, iyo ibyo bidashoboka biremewe ko imamu yifashisha gusoma areba muri MAS’HAFU, kandi biba byiza asomye Qor’an yose muri tarawehe z’ukwezi kwa RAMADHAN, bitashoboka agasoma ibimushobokeye.

Usali tarawehe hamwe na Imamu, kandi yagambiriye gusali mu gicuku (tahadjud), witri arayireka akaza kuyisali nyuma ya tahadjud, ariko iyo witri ayikoranye na Imamu muri tarawehe, iyo abyutse kuri TAHADJUD, asali iraka ashoboye ariko witri akayireka, kuko nta wit’ri ebyiri mu ijoro rimwe.

Iyo umugore ashatse kujya gusali ku musigiti ku iswala y’itegeko cyangwa iy’umugereka, agomba kujyayo yikwije kandi atisize amavuta ahumura.

TAHADJUD (Igihagararo cya nijoro)

TAHADJUDI bisobanura gukesha ikaba ari iswala y’igihagararo cya ninjoro

Icyitonderwa:

•  Nta Swala y’umugereka yemewe nyuma y’iswala yo mu museke.
•  TAHADJUDI ni iswala y’umugereka y’igihagararo cya nijoro.
•  Iyi swala bakunze kuyita QIYAMU LAYILI.
•  TAHADJUD bisobanura gukesha ijoro usali, usaba unasingiza Imana.
•  QIYAMU LAILI bisobanura igihagararo kirekire cy’ijoro urimo usali, usaba unasingiza Imana.
•  Ayo magambo yombi asobanura kimwe.
•  Gusali TAHADJUD ni umugereka wegereye kuba itegeko (MUAKADAT), kandi kikaba ikimeneyetso cy’abatinya Imana, nk’uko ibishimangira igira iti: “Ntibajyaga baryama mu ijoro uretse igihe gito, no mu gicuku bagatakambira Imana banayicuzaho”. Qor’ani 51:17-18.

Ibyiza bya TAHADJUD

•  Ubwitange n’umwete mu kugaragira Imana.
•  Ubusabe bw’uyikora bwakirwa vuba.
•  Abamalaika b’Imana baba hafi y’uyisali bakamuhundagazaho imigisha n’impuhwe z’Imana.
•  Kuba ifite ibyiza byinshi nyuma y’Iswala y’itegeko.
•  Kuba iyi swala ariwo mugereka ufite ibyiza byinshi kurusha imigereka ikorwa ku manywa, kubera kwigomwa k’urikora, ibitotsi bye, n’ibindi..

Intumwa y’Imana iragira iti:

 “Mu by’ukuri igihe cyiza imana iba iri hafi n’umugaragu wayo ni igihe cya nyuma cy’ijoro, nushobora kuba waba mu bibuka imana muri ibyo bihe, uzabe hamwe na bo, kuko iyo swala y’ijoro yitabirwa n’abamalayika b’imana bazana imigisha n’impuhwe z’imana ku bayisali kugeza izuba rirashe”. Yakiriwe na Tirmidhiy na Anasaiy.

Usali tahadjudi asabwe kurangwa n’ibi bikurikira:

•  Kuryama afite isuku yo GUTAWADHA (WUDHU-U).
•  Kuryama kare ufite umugambi wo kubyuka ugasali (NIYA).
•  Kubyuka asingiza Imana anoza umugambi we.
•  Kugira ibakwe n’umurava igihe atunganya isuku ye.

Ibi bishimangirwa n’imvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana yaturutse kuri AISHA (Imana imwishimire) aragira ati:

 “Intumwa y’Imana yakundaga gusali iswala y’igihagararo cya nijoro kugeza ubwo yabyimbaga ibirenge”, nuko AISHA akamubaza ati: “Ntumwa y’Imana, ni kuki winaniza kandi Imana yarakubabariye ibyaha wari gukora mu gihe cyahise no mu gihe kizaza?” Intumwa iramusubiza iti: “Ese ntiwifuza ko naba umugaragu ushimira imana?”. Yakiriwe na BUKHARI na MUSLIMU

Iraka za Swalat Tahadjudi

Iyo swala ifite RAKA cumi n’imwe (11) cyangwa cumu n’eshatu (13). Ni ukuvuga IRAKA umunani (8) wongeyeho IRAKA eshatu z’igiharwe (wit’ri), biranemewe ko zagera ku RAKA cumi n’eshatu (13) cyangwa agasali izo ashoboye.

Ibihe ikorwamo

Iswala nziza ya TAHADJUDI ni ikozwe mu ijoro hagati kuri ibi bipimo bikurikira:

•  1/3 cy’ijoro ribanza (nyuma ya SWALAT AL ISHAI)
•  1/2 cy’ijoro: mu ijoro hagati
•  1/3 cy’ijoro rihera: igice cya nyuma cy’ijoro mbere y’uko bujya gucya, kandi iki nicyo gihe cyiza kurusha ibindi.

ISWALA YA WITIRI

Ni iswala y’igiharwe isoza ikanafunga iswala eshanu z’umunsi, ikaba ari umugereka umuyislamu agomba kuzirikana akanayihozaho, akaba adakwiriye kuyireka na rimwe.

Umwanya iswala ya WITRI ifite mu idini

Iyo swala ya WITIRI ni umugereka ukomeye ku muyislamu adakwiriye kwirengagiza cyangwa kureka uko byagenda kose, ikaba ari i RAKA imwe, cyangwa eshatu ndetse n’eshanu z’umugereka umuyislamu asabwa gusali nyuma y’iswala ya AL ISHAI, ikaba yitwa WITIRI kubera ko ari RAKA z’igiharwe zisoza iswala zose z’umunsi z’itegeko (FARADWA) n’imigereka (SUNAT).

Ibyo usali WITIRI asabwa gukora mbere yo kuyisali

Ni byiza mbere yo gusali WITIRI gusali RAKA ebyiri cyangwa zirenga kuburyo zishobora kugera ku RAKA icumi (10) nyuma agasali izo RAKA za WITIRI.

Uwibagiwe gusali Wit’ri

Iyo umuyislamu aryamye atasaye WITIRI nyuma agakanguka iswala ya AL’FAJRI yinjiye, mbere yo gusali SWALAT AL’FAJRI ningombwa ko ayishyura (WITIRI). Intumwa y’Imana iragira iti:

 “Umwe muri mwe nakanguka mugitondo atasaye WITIRI ajye ayisali”. Yakiriwe na BAYIHAQIY.

Na none Intumwa y’Imana amahoro n’imigisha bibe kuriyo iragira iti:

 “Uzaryama agasinzira atigeze asali WITIRI cyangwa yayibagiwe, igihe abyibukiye ajye ahita ayisali”. Yakiriwe na ABU DAUD

Ibihe bya Swalat ya WITR

Iswala y’umugereka ya WITIRI, igihe cyayo gitangira nyuma y’iswala ya AL ISHAI kugeza mbere yo mu museke igihe iswala ya AL’FAJRI iba iri kwinjira.

Nibyiza gusali WITIRI mu ijoro rihera ariko k’ufite impungenge ko ashobora gusinzira WITIRI ikamucika, ibyiza kuri we ni uko yayisali mugice cy’ijoro ribanza. Nanone nibyiza igihe usali WITIRI ko asoma mu i RAKA ebyiri (2) za mbere asoma SURAT A’ALA mu ya mbere na SURAT AL KAFIRUNA nyuma ya SURAT AL FATIHAT. Naho mu i RAKA ya nyuma ya WITIRI, nibyiza ko usali yasoma SURAT AL IKH’LAS na SURAT AL FALAQ na SURAT AN NAS, ibyo byose byashimangiwe binakorwa n’Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) inabishishikariza abandi kubikora.

ISWALA YO KU MINSI MIKURU Y’ILAYIDI ZOMBI

Muri Islamu, iminsi mikuru yemewe ni itatu (3) abayislamu basabwa kwizihiza barushaho gusali biyegereza Imana bayikuza banayisingiza. Iyo minsi mikuru ni:

1. Idil Fitri
   Umunsi mukuru usoza igisibo cya RAMADHANI ukaba ari umunsi mukuru ngarukamwaka uba ku italiki ya 1 y’ukwezi kwa10 ariko kwitwa (shawal).
2. Idil Adwuha
   Ni umunsi mukuru w’igitambo uba ku munsi wa 10 w’ukwezi kwa cumi na kabiri (Dhul Hija) buri mwaka.

•  Ijuma
  Umunsi mukuru ngaruka cyumweru, akaba ari umunsi mukuru wa buri kuwa gatanu wa buri cyumweru

Iyo minsi mikuru yose irangwa no gusali no kugaragaza ibyishimo by’abayislamu mu gutumirana, gusangira bakambara neza.

Igihe cya Idil Fitri na Idil Adwuha

Izo swala zitangira kuva izuba rijya kurasa kugeza imirasire n’urumuri byaryo bimaze kugaragara mbere y’uko agasusuruko gatangira.

Naho kubireba umunsi mukuru w’igitambo, ujyana no gutanga igitambo ku matungo magufi n’amaremare (ingamiya, inka, ihene n’intama) kandi adafite n’inenge.

Gutanga igitambo bitangira mu gitondo nyuma yo gusali iswala y’ilayidi kugeza ku munsi wa gatatu (3) nyuma y’uwo munsi mukuru.

Ishusho yazo

Ni iswala ikorwa mu mbaga inyuma ya Imamu igira RAKA ebyiri (2) zitagira ADHANA na IQAMA, RAKA ya mbere ifite TAKIBIRA zirindwi (7) harimo na takbirat itangira iswala,naho IRAKA ya kabiri ikagira TAKIBIRA eshanu (5)hatarimo iyo guhaguruka uvuye sijida y’iraka ya mbere, akaba ari byiza ko Imamu asoma mu ijwi riranguruye, kuri RAKA ya mbere asoma SURAT AL FATIHAT na SURAT AL A’ALA cyangwa intangiriro za SURAT QAFU naho ku RAKA ya kabiri asoma SURAT AL FATIHAT na SURAT AL GHASHIYAT cyangwa SURAT QAMAR.

Nyuma yo gusali ku munsi wa IDIL FITIRI (Umunsi mukuru wo gusiburuka igisibo cya RAMADHANI) no ku munsi wa IDIL ADWUHA (Umunsi mukuru w’igitambo), umuyobozi w’Iswala (Imamu), arahindukira akerekera abaje gusali akabaha inyigisho (KHUT’BAT) zikubiyemo ibyiza byo kuri iyo minsi zikajyana no gukuza Imana no kuyisingiza.

Iyo minsi, iyo umwe muri yo uhuye n’umunsi wa gatanu (ijuma), uwayisaye ntategekwa IDJUMA, ariko ayisaye biremewe, naho utayisaye ni itegeko kuri we gusali IDJUMA.

Icyitonderwa:

Gusali iswala y’ilayidi ku ijuma, birahagije ko utitabira ijuma ariko ntibisimbura iswala ya ADHUHURI, ahubwo utegekwa kuyisali nk’ibisanzwe, naho Imamu wa ijuma we agomba kujya ku ijuma n’ubwo yaba yasaye ilayidi kugirango ayobore ijuma.

Izo swala zombi zihuza abagore n’abagabo; n’iyo abagore bari mu mihango yabo y’ukwezi, nabo bemerewe kujya aho izo swala zikorerwa bagakurikirana inyigisho n’ubusabe bw’abayislamu (IDUWA) ariko bitaruye aho abandi basalila, kandi ni byiza ku baje gusali ilayidi kwicara bagatuza bagatega amatwi inyigisho kugeza Imamu asoje.

TAKIBIRA zo kuri uwo munsi ni byiza kuzivuga n’ijwi riranguruye haba mu ihuriro, mu mago, mu masoko no mu misigiti ariko abagore bo ntibyemewe kurangurura amajwi yabo.

TAKIBIRA zo ku munsi wa IDIL FITIRI zitangira mu ijoro ry’ilayidi zikarangirana n’iswala y’ilayidi.

Naho TAKIBIRA zo ku munsi wa IDIL ADWUHA zitangira kuva ukwezi kwa DHUL HAJ gutangiye zikageza ku munsi wa cumi na gatatu (13) w’uko kwezi izuba rirenze.

Uburyo n’imiterere ya TAKBIRA

TAKIBIRA zivugwa mu buryo bukurikira:

1. Uburyo butari igiharwe:
   •  ALLAHU AKBARU, ALLAHU AKBARU
   •  LA ILAHA ILA LLAHU ALLAHU AK’BARU
   •  ALLAHU AKBARU WA LILAHIL HAMDU
2. Uburyo bw’igiharwe:
   •  ALLAHU AKBARU, ALLAHU AKBARU, ALLAHU AKBARU
   •  LA ILAHA ILA LLAHU ALLAHU AK’BARU
   •  ALLAHU AKBARU WA LILAHIL HAMDU

Uburyo bwo kwitegura k’ugiye gusali ilayidi:

Nibyiza ko ugiye gusali yisukura akanambara imyiza mu myambaro ye kugirango agaragaze ibyishimo n’umunezero kuri uwo munsi.Abagore bo ntibemerewe kugaragaza imitako yabo kandi ntibanisiga amavuta ahumura, bemerewe kujya gusali hamwe n’abandi. Naho abagore bari mu mihango bemerewe kujya kumva inyigisho z’ilayidi ariko bakitarura aho iswala ikorerwa.

Ni byiza ko abajya gusali bazinduka nyuma gato y’iswala ya AL’FAJIR bakagenda n’amaguru iyo bishoboka, naho Imam atindaho gato kugeza igihe cy’iswala cyegereje, kandi ni byiza igihe uvuye gusali guhindura inzira wanyuzemo ujyayo, mu rwego rwo kugaragaza ibyishimo by’uwo munsi no gukurikiza umugenzo mwiza w’intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amhoro n’imigisha).

Nibyiza k’umuyisilam kugira icyo arya cyangwa anywa mbere yo kujya gusali ilayidi yo gusiburuka, naho ku munsi mukuru w’ilayidi y’igitambo akirinda kugira icyo afata keretse nyuma y’iswala.

Aho iswala y’ilayidi ikorerwa:

Iswala z’ilayidi zikorerwa ku mbuga ngari hafi yaho abantu batuye, ntabwo iswala y’ilayidi ikorerwa mu musigiti keretse habaye impamvu nk’imvura n’ibindi.

Iminsi mikuru itemewe muri Islamu

Iyo minsi mikuru ni iyi:

•  Kwizihiza ivuka ry’umuntu ku giti cye (Anniversaire)
•  Kwizihiza umunsi mukuru wo ku taliki ya mbere ngaruka mwaka bahereye
•  ku ivuka rya Yesu (Ubunani) no ku taliki ya mbere batangiye kubara ku iyimuka kw’Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (HIJIRIYAT).
•  Kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’ivuka w’Intumwa y’Imana Issa
•  Kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’ivuka ry’Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) bakunze kubyita MAWULIDI.
•  Kwizihiza umunsi wa IS’RAU (Umunsi Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi yakozeho urugendo ava iMAKKA ajya ku musigiti wa AQ’SA.
•  Kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’ijoro ryo hagati ry’ukwezi kwa SHABAN
•  Kwizihiza indi minsi mikuru yose itazwi itanemewe muri Islamu.

Abamenyi muri Islamu bavuga ko iyo minsi ari imihimbano (BIDAT) akaba ari ntaho wayisanga mu idini kuko nta nkomoko yayo ku ntumwa n’abasangirangendo bayo nabaje nyuma yabo (TAABI’INA) bityo, iyo minsi muri Islamu ntiyemewe kuyizihiza.

SWALATUL KUSUFU WAL KHUSUFU

Al’Kusufu:
Ni ubwirakabiri bwa nijoro; igihe izuba riba rikingiriza ukwezi, ijoro rikagaragara nk’amanywa.

Al Khusufu:
Ni ubwirakabiri bwa kumanywa; igihe ukwezi gukingiriza izuba amanywa akagaragara nk’ijoro.

Iyo habaye ubwo bwirakabiri bwa nijoro cyangwa bwa kumanywa, abaislamu bihutira gusali izo swala zitwa SWALATUL KUSUFU (Iswala yitiriwe ubwirakabiri bwa nijoro) na SWALATUL KHUSUFU (Iswala yitiriwe ubwirakabiri bwa kumanywa)

Itegeko rirebana na Swalatul Kusufu wal Khusufu

Gusali iyo iswala ni umugereka wegereye kuba itegeko (SUNAT MUAKADAT) ikaba ikorwa n’abagabo n’abagore. Nk’uko bishimangirwa n’imvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) igira iti:

 “M’ukuri izuba n’ukwezi ni ibimenyetso bibiri mu bimenyetso by’Imana. Ntibishoboka ko habaho ubwirakabiri ngo kimwe muri byombi gikingirize ikindi kubera urupfu rw’umuntu runaka cyangwa se havutse umuntu runaka. Ibyo nimubibona mujye musali”. Yakiriwe na Bukhar

Iyo swala ikorwa nk’iyo ku munsi wa IDIL FITIRI na IDIL ADWUHA. Igatangira kuva ubwirakabiri bugitangira kuboneka.

Iyo bimaze kugaragara ko kimwe muri byo kibaye, nibyiza ko abaislamu basingiza Imana, bakayikuza bakanicuza basaba imbabazi, bongera ubusabe barushaho gutanga amaturo (SADAQA) nk’uko bivugwa mu mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana igira iti:

 “M’ukuri izuba n’ukwezi ni ibimenyetso bibiri mu bimenyetso by’Imana. Ntibishoboka ko habaho ubwirakabiri ngo kimwe muri byombi gikingirize ikindi kubera urupfu rw’umuntu runaka cyangwa se havutse umuntu runaka. Nimubona bibaye muzihutire kwambaza imana muyisaba munayikuza kandi mujye mutanga amaturo (Sadaqa) munasali”. Yakiriwe na Bukhar

Ishusho y’iswala ya Kusufu na Khusufu

Izi swala zombi nta adhana na iqamat zigira, ariko zihamagarirwa ku munywa cyangwa nijoro hakoreshejwe umuhamagaro ugira uti: ASWALATU JAMIATU, inshuro imwe cyangwa nyinshi.

Izo swala, imwe muri zo iba kumanywa (KHUSUFU), indi ikaba nijoro (KUSUFU). Abaislamu bateranira mu musigiti umwe nta ADHANA cyangwa IQAMA, uretse ko bashobora guhamagara abantu bagaterana. Iswala iyoborwa na Imamu bagasali IRAKA ebyiri muri buri RAKA, haba RUKU ebyiri ebyiri (Kunama kabiri mbere yo kubama).

Uburyo ikorwa:

Imamu atangiza iswala, agasoma SURATUL FATIHAT n’indi sura arangurura ijwi, maze akunama birambuye (birebire), akunamuka avuga SAMIALLAHU LIMAN HAMIDAHU, RABANA LAKAL HAMDU, ariko ntiyubame. Na none agasoma SURATU ALFATIHAT n’indi surat ngufi.

Maze akunama bwa kabiri nta tinde, maze akunamuka bisanzwe, akubama (Sijidat) kabiri zitandukanywa n’icyicaro kigufi nk’ibisanzwe, ariko kuya mbere agatindayo biruta iya kabiri.

Nyuma agahaguruka agakora iraka ya kabiri nk’uko yabikoze kuya mbere ariko ikaba yoroheje, nyuma akicara ATTAHIYATU maze agasoza na salamu nk’ibisanzwe.

Ni byiza ko nyuma yo gusali, Imamu atanga inyigisho, abwira abayislamu kuri icyo gikorwa cyabayeho, anabashishikariza gusaba no kwicuza ku Mana.

Kugirango ube wasanze iraka muri iyi swala ni uko wasanga imamu ari muri rukuu ya mbere kuri buri raka, kandi iyo hari ibyagucitse ntabwo ubyishyura iyo ubwirakabiri burangiye.

Iyo ubwirakabiri burangiye bakiri gusali, buzuza iswala ariko badatinzemo.

Iyo barangije iswala ubwirakabiri butararngira, bakomeza gusaba Imana, bayikuza, batanga amaturo, kugeza ibyo bihe birangiriye.

Ubwirakabiri ni kimwe mu bintu bitera umuntu imbaraga zo gharira Imana amasengesho no kwihutira kuyumvira no kujya kure y’ibyaha n’amakosa, bikanatuma abantu barushaho gutinya Imana no kuyigarukira. Imana iravuga iti:

 “Nta yindi mpamvu ituma twohereza ibimenyetso uretse kugirango abantu batinye”. QOR’AN 17:59

Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) mu kugaragaza ko ubwirakabiri ari ibimenyetso byo gukebura abantu, iragira iti:

 “M’ukuri izuba n’ukwezi ni ibimenyetso bibiri mu bimenyetso by’Imana itinyisha abagaragu bayo, kandi ntabwo bifatana kubera urupfu rw’umwe mu bantu, nimubibona mujye musali munasabe Imana kugeza igihe bitandukaniye”. Yakiriwe na Bukhariy na Muslim

ISWALA YA DWUHA (Agasusuruko)

Iswala ya DWUHA, ni iswala y’umugereka ikaba itagira umubare w’amaraka wagenwe ariko iraka nkeya zishoboka ni ebyiri (2).

Igihe cy’iswala ya DWUHA:

Nyuma y’uko izuba rirasa umucyo w’izuba n’imirasire itangiye gukwira kugeza mbere y’igihe cy’iswala ya ADHUHURI, ariko igihe cyayo cyiza ni igihe izuba ritangira gukara.

Ibyiza by’iyo swala:

Mu mvugo yaturutse kuri ABI HURAYIRAT (Imana imwishimire), yaragize ati:

 “Inshuti yanjye, Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yampaye umurage w’ibintu bitatu: gusiba iminsi itatu ya buri kwezi, gusali iraka ebyiri z’iswala ya DWUHA, kandi ko ngomba kujya nsari iswala ya WITRI mbere yo kuryama”. Yakiriwe na BUKHARI na MUSLIMU

ISWALA YO GUSABA AMAHITAMO (ISTIKHARAT)

Ni iswala umuntu akora asaba Imana kumuhitiramo icyiza mu bintu bibiri cyangwa byinshi yagizemo igihirahiro mu guhitamo icyo yakora mubyo ategetswe igihe bihuriranye mu gihe kimwe cyangwa se ku bindi bintu byemewe gukora ariko ntumenye icyagira akamaro kurusha ikindi.

Iyi swala ni umugereka ikaba igizwe n’iraka ebyiri n’iduwa yo gusaba Imana ngo iguhitiremo icyiza, iyo duwa uyisaba ukiri mu iswala mbere ya ASALAM cyangwa se nyuma ya ASALAM urangije iswala, ariko mbere ya ASALAMU nibyo byiza. Kandi biremewe ko ukora iyi swala yo gusaba amahitamo ko yayikora rimwe cyangwa kenshi mu bihe bitandukanye, ikabanzirizwa n’ibikorwa byiza bitarimo ibijyanye n’irari ry’imitima y’abantu.

Iswala yo gusaba amahitamo ni iswala yo gusaba kugirwa inama mubyo ugiye gukora ikorwa igihe ibyo usaba atari ibizira (ibibujijwe) cyangwa ibidashimishije, bikorwa ku bintu byiza igihe usaba Imana ko yaguhitiramo, ariko rero no kuba wagisha inama ibiremwa nabyo biremewe nk’uko Imana ibivuga aho igira iti:

 “Uzabagishe inama, ariko rero nuramuka ufashe umwanzuro uziringire Imana”. Qor’ani 3: 159

Uburyo i swala ya Istikharat ikorwamo

Biturutse mu mvugo yakiriwe na JABIR (Imana imwishimire) yaragize iti: Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yajyaga itwigisha uburyo bwo gukora iswala yo gusaba amahitamo muri byose nk’uko yatwigishaga i SURAT mu ma SURAT ya Qor’ani agira ati:

 “Igihe umwe muri mwe azabura amahitamo mu bintu, ajye asali iraka ebyiri zitari iraka iz’itegeko, narangiza asabe Imana agira ati: “Mana Nyagasani, ndagusaba kumpitiramo mu bumenyi bwawe kandi ndagusaba unshoboze mu bushobozi bwawe kandi ndagusaba mu byiza byawe, kubera ko wowe ushoboye byose jyewe ntacyo nshoboye, kandi ukaba uzi jye ntacyo nzi kubera ko wowe uzi ibyihishe. Mana nyagasani niba ubona ko iki kintu (ukakivuga mu izina) kimfitiye akamaro haba mu idini yanjye no kubuzima bwanjye n’iherezo ryanjye bikazambera byiza binshoboze, kandi niba uzi ko iki kintu (ukakivuga mu izina) ari kibi kuri jye haba ku idini yanjye, ku buzima bwanjye n’iherezo ryanjye, kindinde unanshyire kure yacyo, unshoboze ibyiza aho biri hose kandi unyishimire kubera byo”. Yakiriwe na Bukhariy

KUBAMA BYO MU GISOMO CYA QOR’ANI

Qor’ani igira ibice ugeraho usoma bikagusaba kubama (SIJ’DAT).

Umwanya wabyo mu idini

Kubama byo mu gisomo ni umugereka byaba mu iswala cyangwa hanze y’iswala igihe cyose ugeze kuri ayat ya Qor’an ibigusaba, ni byiza ko kubama k’usoma ndetse no ku bamwumva.

Imirongo (AYAT) ibonekamo kubama mu gisomo cya Qor’ani

Muri Qor’ani harimo kubama by’igisomo inshuro cumi n’eshanu ziboneka mu isurat zikurikira:

1. SURATU ALAL’AARAF,
2. ARRAAD,
3. ANNAHLI,
4. AL’ISRAAI,
5. MARIYAM,
6. ALHAJ (harimo kubama kabiri),
7. ALFURQAN,
8. ANNAMLU,
9. ASSAJ’DAT,
10. SWAAD,
11. FUSWILAT,
12. ANNAJ’MU,
13. AL IN’SHIQAQ,
14. AL ALAQ.

Ikiranga aho babama basoma Qor’ani, ni ighe ugze ku mirongo ivuga ku bintu bibiri, aribyo:

•  Inkuru Imana yabwiye abagaragu bayo ibereka ibindi biremwa biyubamira, bityo nabo bakabikora yaba usoma cyangwa umwumva kubera kwigana ibyo biremwa.
•  Itegeko ry’Imana itegeka abagaragu bayo kuyubamira, bigakorwa vuba na bwangu mu kubahiriza iryo tegeko.

Kubama byo mu gisomo bikorwa inshuro imwe gusa (SIDJIDAT IMWE) igihe ari gusali yubama avuze ALLAHU AK’BARU, naho igihe Atari mu iswala nta TAKBIRA akora nta n’ubwo yicara ATAHIYATU cyangwa se ngo atange ASALAMU.

Ibyiza byo kubama mu gisomo:

Ibyiza by’uko kubama bigaragarira mu mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) aho yagize iti:

 “Igihe mwene ADAM asomye AYAT yo kubama akubama, Shitani aritaza akarira avuga ati: “Mbega akaga ngize! Kuba mwene ADAMU ategekwa kubama akabikora akaba azahabwa ijuru, naho njye nategetswe kubama ndigomeka nkaba nzashyirwa mu muriro”. Yakiriwe na MUSLIMU

Igihe Imamu yubamye abamuri inyuma bose bagomba kubama bakurikiye Imamu ubayoboye mu iswala, kandi ntacyo bitwaye kuba Imamu yasoma isura cyangwa ayat irimo kubama mu iswala asomamo bucece.icyo gihe arubama n’abo ayoboye bakamukurikira.

Ibivugwa mu kubama b’igisomo

Mu kubama byo mu gisomo, havugwa amagambo asanzwe akoreshwa muri sij’dat y’iswala cyangwa hagasomwa iduwa yabigenewe.

Ni byiza ko uwubamye kuri AYAT yo kubama aba afite isuku yo gutawaza, ariko n’iyo yaba atayifite atari mu iswala, yakubama, kabone n’iyo yaba ari umugore uri mu mihango y’ukwezi cyangwa se mu gisanza, yubama igihe asomye AYAT yo kubama cyangwa se igihe basomye iyo AYAT akayumva bayisoma.

KUBAMA BYO GUSHIMIRA

Ni byiza kubama igihe umuntu abonye inema nshya, nk’igihe yumvise ko Imana yayoboye uwo akunda mu idini yayo, cyangwa se igihe abemeramana babonye insinzi bakomoye kwa Nyagasani, cyangwa se ubwiwe inkuru yo kubona umwana mushya, igihe arokotse amakuba, n’ibindi.

Kubama bikorwa inshuro imwe utavuze TAK’BIRAT cyangwa ASALAMU, naho igihe ikorwa n’aho ikorerwa, ni hanze y’iswala igihe icyo aricyo cyose habonetse impamvu yabyo mu zavuzwe, kandi akubama bijyanye n’Ubushobozi yaba ahagaze cyangwa yicaye, yaba afite isuku cyangwa atayifite, ariko ibyiza ni uko yaba afite isuku. Biturutse kwa ABI BAK’RAT Imana imwishimire, yavuze ko:

 “Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) igihe cyose yabonaga ikintu kimushimishije cyangwa yishimiye yarubamaga, agashimira Imana”. Yakiriwe na ABU DAUDA na IBUN MAJAH

IBIHE BITEMEWE KUBIKORAMO ISWALA

•  Ntibyemewe gusali nyuma y’iswala ya Al’asri kugeza igihe izuba rirenze.
•  Ntibyemewe kandi gusali nyuma ya Al’fajri kugeza izuba rirashe.
•  Kuva izuba rirashe kugeza igihe rizamutse ho gato nk’igihe cy’iminota cumi n’itanu.
•  Kuva izuba rigeze ku murongo wo hagati kugeza riwurenze ho gato.
•  Kuva igihe izuba ritangiye kurenga kugeza rirenze burundu.

Icyitonderwa:

Biremewe muri ibi bihe kwishyuramo iswala ziba zagucitse z ‘itegeko, nkuko bishimangirwa n’imvugo yaturutse kuri ANAS (Imana imwishimire) yavuze ko Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yagize iti:

 “Uzaryama agacikwa n’iswala cyangwa akayibagirwa azayishyure igihe azayibukira, nta kindi cyiru cyabyo uretse ibyo”. Yakiriwe na Bukhari na Muslim.

Biremewe gusali iswala zifite impamvu muri ibyo bihe nk’iswala ikorerwa uwitabye Imana, indamutso y’umusigiti n’izindi.

Biremewe kwishyura rakaa ebyiri z’umugereka za mbere y’iswala ya AL’FAJIRI.ukazisali nyuma y’iswala ya subuhi ku muntu wari usanzwe azihozaho zikamucika ku mpamvu zitamuturutseho.

Umusozo w’isomo ry’Iswala