2 – ISWALA (AMASENGESHO):

2- ISWALA (AMASENGESHO):

Iswala (amasengesho) gusenga inshuro eshanu kuri buri munsi, ni imwe mu nkingi zigize Islam. Iyo nkingi ikaba ikurikira ubuhamya bubiri “SHAHADAT” ikaba ari itegeko ku mwemeramana ndetse n’umwemeramanakazi uko ibihe byaba bimeze kose haba mu gihe cy’amahoro cyangwa se mu gihe cy’ubwoba, yaba ari muzima (atarwaye) cyangwa arwaye, yaba ari ku rugendo cyangwa se atari ku rugendo, ibyo bihe byose tuvuze umuntu yaba arimo ategetswe gusenga, mu buryo bujyanye n’igihe arimo.

IBISOBANURO BY’ISENGESHO:

Iswala (isengesho): Ni ibikorwa byagenwe bigendana n’amagambo, bitangizwa na “Tak’biratul Ihiram” bigasozwa na “Salamu” (akenshi).

IMPAMVU TWATEGETSWE GUSENGA:

Isengesho ni urumuri, nk’uko urumuri barwifashisha mu kubona; bityo n’isengesho naryo riyobora urikora mu byiza rikanamurinda gukora ibibi.

Isengesho kandi rihuza umugaragu n’Umuremyi we rikaba n’igikorwa kiri ku isonga mu idini ya Islam, umuyislamu yungukira byinshi mu isengesho nko kubona ituze mu mutima we, kugerwaho n’impuhwe z’Uwiteka ndetse n’ubutabazi bwe, no gukemurirwa ibibazo n’Imana.

Isengesho rifite ibikorwa bigaragara by’umubiri nk’igihagararo, kwicara, kunama no kubama n’ibindi bikorwa hamwe n’imvugo.

Isengesho rigira kandi ibikorwa bitagaragarira buri wese bikorerwa mu mutima nko kwibombarika, gutinya, kwemera, kwicisha bugufi, urukundo abikoramo, gusingiza no gushimira Imana.

Isengesho rigira umubiri, rikanagira roho; Umubiri w’Isengesho: Ni igihagararo mu iswala, kunama, kubama, kwicara no gusoma imwe mu mirongo ya Qor’ani.

Naho roho y’isengesho: Ni ugusingiza Imana no kuyibombarikaho, kuyisaba, kuyicuzaho no gusabira intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yo n’abiwe n’abagandukiramana.

Imana yategetse buri Muyislamu wese nyuma y’ubuhamya bwombi, ibintu bine, akaba ari nabyo yakwitaho cyane mu buzima bwe aribyo: Gusenga, gutanga amaturo (Zakat), igisibo (Swawumu) no gukora umutambagiro (Hija). Ibyo bikaba arizo nkingi zigize ubuyislamu, buri nkingi murizo ikaba ifite uburyo bwayo bwihariye ikorwamo, haba gukoresha roho cyangwa se umutungo kugira ngo umuntu abashe kubaho mubuzima bwe bwose ari mu bugandukiramana no mubyo Imana n’Intumwa yayo bakunda.

Mu gukora isengesho, umuyislamu ashyira amategeko y’Imana mu bikorwa akoresheje ibice byose by’umubiri bikamumenyereza kumvira Imana no gukora ibyo imusaba mu buzima bwe bwose haba mu mico ye no mu mibanire ye na bagenzi be, mu mirire ye no mu myambarire ye, bityo agahora yubaha Uwiteka haba mu isengesho cyangwa hanze yaryo.

Isengesho kandi rihanagura ibyaha nk’uko amazi akuraho umwanda. Ibi tubisanga mu mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yakiriwe na ABU HURAYIRAT Imana imwishimire aragira ati “Numvise Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) igira iti: “Mubona umwe muri mwe afite umugezi unyura imbere y’irembo rye awiyuhagiramo inshuro eshanu ku munsi, ese hari umwanda namuke wamurangwaho?” Baramusubiza bati “Nta mwanda wamurangwaho”. Intumwa y’Imana iravuga iti “Ibyo ni kimwe n’amasengesho atanu ku munsi, kuko ahanagura ibyaha umuntu aba yakoze“.

IBYO IMANA YATEGETSE ABAGARAGU BAYO BIGABANYIJEMO IBICE BIBIRI:

1. Ibyo umutima w’umuntu wishimira: Nko kurya ibyiza Imana yaduhitiyemo, kurongora abagore babiri kugeza kuri bane, guhiga byaba mu mazi cyangwa ku gasozi n’ibindi.

2. Ibyo umutima w’umuntu uba utishimiye birimo ibice bibiri:

* Amategeko y’Imana yoroshye: Nko gusingiza Imana, amasengesho y’umugereka, amasengesho atanu buri munsi, gusoma Qor’ani n’ibindi byoroheje.

*Amategeko y’Imana aremereye:  Nko gukora ibwirizabutumwa, kubuza ibibi no gutegeka ibyiza, intambara ntagatifu n’ibindi.

AGACIRO K’AMASENGESHO MURI ISLAM:

Amasengesho atanu buri munsi: Ni itegeko kuri buri muyislamu wese ugejeje igihe cy’ubukure yaba ari igitsinagabo cyangwa igitsinagore, uretse gusa umugore cyangwa umukobwa bari mu mihango n’igihe umugore ari mu bisanza kugera igihe bongeye gusubirana isuku. Imana yaravuze ati “Mu kuri amasengesho ku bemeramana ni itegeko ryashyiriweho igihe kigenwe“. Qor’an 4:103. Na none Imana iragira iti “Mujye muhozaho amasengesho (y’itegeko), by’umwihariko isengesho ryo hagati (al Aswir). Kandi mujye muhagarara (mu isengesho) mwibombaritse imbere ya Allah” Qor’an 2 :238

Imvugo yakiriwe na ABDALLAH mwene OMAR (Imana ibishimire bombi), aragira ati “Intumwa y’Imana (amahoro n’imigisha bibe kuri yo) iragira iti “Islamu yubatse ku nkingi eshanu: Guhamya ko ntayindi Mana iriho ikwiye gusengwa m’ukuri, uretse Imana imwe Rukumbi, no guhamya ko Muhammadi ari Intumwa y’Imana, gusenga gatanu ku munsi, gutanga amaturo (Zakat), gusiba igisibo cy’ukwezi kwa Ramadhani no gukora umutambagiro mutagatifu ku ngoro y’Imana iri iMakka“.

Imvugo yakiriwe na ABDALLAH mwene ABAS (Imana ibishimire), Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yohereje Muadha Bun Jabali muri Yemeni aramubwira ati “Uzabahamagarire guhamya ko nta yindi Mana iriho ikwiye gusengwa m’ukuri uretse Imana imwe rukumbi kandi ko nanjye ndi Intumwa yayo, ibyo nibamara kubyemera uzabigishe, ko Imana yabategetse gusenga gatanu ku munsi“

IBIMENYETSO BY’UBUGIMBUKE:

Ibimenyetso by’ubugimbuke harimo ibihuriweho n’ibitsina byombi: aribyo ibi bikurikira: Kugira imyaka cumi n’itanu (15) y’amavuko, kumera ubucakwaha n’umusatsi wo mu myanya y’ibanga, n’ibindi.

Ibimenyetso byihariwe n’igitsinagore gusa: Aribyo: gutwita, kujya mu mihango y’ukwezi, n’ibindi. Umwana atangira gutozwa gusenga afite imyaka irindwi, agacishwaho akanyafu iyo atabikoze kandi ageze ku myaka icumi.

AKAMARO K’AMASENGESHO:

Imvugo yakiriwe na Abu Hurayirat (Imana imwishimire), intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti “Igikorwa cya mbere umugaragu azabanza kubarurirwa ku munsi w’imperuka, ni amasengesho; natungana azagororerwa, nihaba hari ibidatunganye mo bavuge bati “Murebe niba hari icyo mwamubonera mu masengesho ye y’imigereka yakuzurisha ibibura mu masengesho ye babone gukurikizaho ibindi bikorwa“. Yakiriwe na ANASAI na IBUN MAAJAH.

UMUBARE W’AMASENGESHO Y’ITEGEKO:

Imana yategetse amasengesho mu ijoro rya “AL IS’RAA na MIRAJI” (Kuzamurwa kw’Intumwa mu ijuru) nta muhuza hagati ye n’Imana, mbere y’iyimuka ry’Intumwa y’Imana ho umwaka (1), iva i Makka ijya i Madina. Imana yayategetse ari amasengesho mirongo itanu ku manywa na n’ijoro (50) kuri buri muyislamu, ibi bikaba byerekana agaciro k’ayo masengesho n’uburyo Imana iyakunda. Imana yaje kuyagabanya iyagira atanu mukuyashyira mu bikorwa, naho kubihembo yakomeje kuba mirongo itanu (bivuze ko uzasenga amasengesho atanu ku munsi, azabona ibihembo nk’ibyuwakoze amasengesho mirongo itanu ku munsi) kubera impuhwe z’Imana ku bagaragu bayo. Amasengesho y’itegeko kuri buri muyislamu na buri muyislamukazi akorwa buri munsi ni atanu, ariyo:

1. DHUHURI : Isengesho rikorwa ku manywa.

2. AL ASW’RI : Isengesho rikorwa ku gicamunsi.

3. AL MAGH’RIBI : Isengesho rikorwa ku mugoroba.

4. AL ISHAU : Isengesho rikorwa nijoro.

5. AL FAJ’RI : Isengesho rikorwa mu rukerera.

GUHAKANA NO KUREKA ISENGESHO:

Umuntu uhakana ko isengesho atari itegeko, aba abaye umuhakanyi, kimwe n’umuntu ureka gusenga kubera ko atabiha agaciro cyangwa se akareka gusenga kubera ubunebwe. Uwo muntu iyo ari injiji adasobanukiwe itegeko ry’Isengesho, arigishwa akabanza akabisobanurirwa, naho iyo ari umuntu ubisobanukiwe akareka gusenga, agirwa inama yo kwisubiraho mu gihe kingana n’iminsi itatu (3) akicuza bitaba ibyo agakorerwa amategeko agenga abataye idini. Imana yaravuze iti “Nibaramuka bicujije bagahozaho amasengesho, ndetse bakanatanga amaturo, ubwo bazaba babaye abavandimwe banyu mu idini. (Uko ni ko) dusobanura amagambo (yacu) ku bantu bafite ubumenyi ” Qor’an 9:11

Mu mvugo yakiriwe na JABIR (Imana imwishimire), intumwa y’Imana Muhammadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti “M’ukuri itandukaniro riri hagati y’umuntu no kubangikanya Imana n’ubuhakanyi ni ukureka amasengesho“. Yakiriwe na Muslim. Kureka amasengesho byatuma umuntu aba umubangikanyamana cyangwa akaba umuhakanyi.

Muyindi mvugo yakiriwe na Ibn ABAS (Imana ibishimire), intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti “Uzahindura idini ye muzamwice“.

INGARUKA ZO GUHAKANA NO KUREKA AMASENGESHO BURUNDU:

Mu gihe ari muzima: Ntiyemerewe gukomeza kubana n’umugore we igihe umugore we ari umuyislamukazi, kandi nta nubwo aba akimugenga, nta burenganzira aba anafite ku burere bw’abana, ntabwo azungura ababyeyi be igihe bo ari abayislamu, itungo yabaze riba ari ikizira kurirya, kandi nta nemerewe kwinjira ku butaka butagatifu bw’iMaka kubera ko aba ari umuhakanyi.

Igihe yitabye Imana: Ntiyozwa, ntiyambikwa “isanda” ntibamusarira, ntashyingurwa mu marimba y’abayislamu, kubera ko atari umwe muri bo, nta nubwo asabirwa impuhwe z’Imana, abiwe ntibamuzungura, kandi Imana izamuhanisha umuriro.

Umuntu uretse amasengesho burundu: Aba ari umuhakanyi wavuye mu idini ye ya Islamu. Naho usenga rimwe na rimwe ubundi akabireka, uwo si umuhakanyi ahubwo ni umunyabyaha kandi aba akoze icyaha gihambaye hamwe n’uko aba ahuguje roho ye harimo no kuba agomeye Imana n’intumwa yayo.

IBYIZA BYO GUTEGEREZA ISENGESHO:

Mu mvugo yakiriwe na Abu Hurayirat (Imana imwishimire), intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti “Umwemeramana igihe cyose azaguma aho yakoreye Isengesho, ategereje irindi, Abamalayika bamusabira ku Mana bagira bati “Mana Nyagasani mubabarire ibyaha bye kandi umuhundagazeho impuhwe zawe, kugeza igihe agendeye cyangwa isuku ye yangiritse“. Yakiriwe na Bukhari na muslim.

IBYIZA BYO KUJYA MU MUSIGITI UFITE ISUKU:

Mu mvugo ya Abi Umamat (Imana imwishimire), intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti “Usohotse mu rugo iwe afite isuku agiye gusenga isengesho ry’itegeko, abona ibihembo nk’iby’uwakoze umutambagiro mutagatifu “HIJA” naho usohoka agiye gusenga isengesho ryo ku gasusuruko (Dwuha) ntakindi agambiriye uretse gukora isengesho gusa, uwo abona ibyiza nk’ibyuwakoze Umurat i Makka“.

Mu yindi mvugo ya ABI HURAY’RAT (Imana imwishimire) yagize ati “Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti “Uzisukurira mu rugo iwe (Udhu) yarangiza akagana kuri imwe mu Misigiti y’Imana kugira ngo akore isengesho ry’itegeko, intambwe ze agenda atera, imwe imuhanagurira ibyaha bye, indi ikamuzamura mu ntera kwa Nyagasani“.

KWICISHA BUGUFI MU ISENGESHO:

Mu gihe umuntu agiye gusenga, agomba kwibombarika yita ku ibintu bikurikira:

– Gusenga n’umutima we wose ntakindi atekereza uretse Isengesho gusa.

– Kugerageza gusobanukirwa ibyo asoma no gukurikira ibyo yumva basoma kuko bituma atajya hanze y’isengesho.

– Kubaha Imana bijyanye no kumenya ubuhambare bwayo igihe uhagaze imbere y’Imana.

– Kwibombarika bijyanye no kumenya ububasha bw’Imana n’ubushobozi bwayo.

– Kugira ibyiringiro by’uko uwo usenga azakugororera ku bw’Isengesho ukora buri munsi.

– Kugira isoni zo kudashimira inema z’Imana yaguhundagaje ho.

ADHANA NA IQAMAT:

Adhana:
Ni uguhamagara umenyesha abayislamu ko igihe cy’isengesho kigeze. Uku guhamagara (Adhana) kwashyizweho n’Imana mu mwaka wa mbere (1H) w’iyimuka ry’Intumwa y’Imana ijya i Madina. Ikaba ifite imvugo zabigenewe. Adhana: Imenyesha ko igihe cy’isengesho kigeze bikerekana agaciro k’isengesho, inahamagarira abantu kugana mu nsengero bagakora isengesho ry’imbaga rigira ibyiza byinshi bitandukanye.

Adhana:  Yibutsa abibagiwe isengesho, ikaba ifite ibyiza bihebuje ikanegereza umugaragu umuremyi we kandi uwo niwo munezero. Adhana: Ikaba ariyo yibutsa abayislamu kudacikwa n’iyo migisha.

Iqamat:
Nayo yashyizweho n’Imana kugira ngo yibutse abantu guhaguruka bagakora “Isengesho”. Ikaba nayo irangwa n’imvugo zabugenewe.

AGACIRO KA ADHANA MURI ISLAM:

Adhana na Iqamat: Ni umugenzo usabwa gukorwa na bamwe mu cyimbo cy’abandi, abasigaye batabikoze ntibabiryozwe.

Adhana na Iqamat:  Ni umwihariko ngombwa ku bagabo gusa baba abatuye, cyangwa abari kurugendo, bikaba biba ku iswala eshanu z’itegeko, hamwe n’iswala y’ijuma (kuwa gatanu).

KUGIRANGO ADHANA IBE YUZUYE IGOMBA KUBA YUJUJE IBI BIKURIKIRA:

•  Imvugo ziyigize zigomba kuba zuzuye.
•  Gukurikiranya imvugo ku yindi.
•  Kuba hadaciyemo umwanya munini hagati y’imvugo n’iyindi.
•  Kuba igihe cy’isengesho kigeze.
•  Uhamagara agomba kuba ari umuyislamu w’umugabo, w’inyangamugayo.
•  Kuba afite ubwenge.
•  Kuvuga imvugo zayo mu rurimi rw’icyarabu.
•  Kurangurura ijwi ari ahirengereye.

Iyo umuyislamu cyangwa umuyislamukazi yumvise Adhana asubiramo amagambo yayo uhamagara akoresha, uretse aho bavuga bati: “HAYA ALA SWALAT (Ni mugane isengesho)”, “HAYA ALAL FALAH (Ni mugane ukurokoka)”, icyo gihe we aravuga ati “LA HAW’LA WALA QUWATA ILA BILAHI (Nta buryo nta n’ubushobozi dufite uretse ku bw’Imana)”. Icyo gihe uwo usubiramo ibyo uhamagara avuga, nawe abona ibihembo nk’iby’uhamagara.

IBYIZA BYA ADHANA: 

Ni byiza ko uhamagarira abayislamu gusenga azamura ijwi rye kuko buri cyose cyumvise Adhana ku munsi w’imperuka kizaba umuhamya wuwo muhamagaro, kinasabire imbabazi uhamagara anandikirwe ibyiza bingana n’abazitabira uwo muhamagaro. Mu mvugo yakiriwe na ABU HURAY’RAT (Imana imwishimire), intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaragize iti “Iyo abantu baza kumenya ibyiza biri muri Adhana no gusengera  ku murongo wa mbere inyuma ya Imamu mu gihe cy’isengesho, ntibabashe kubibona batabikoreye tombola, byari kuba ngombwa ko bayikora“. Yakiriwe na Bukhari na Muslim.

Mu yindi mvugo yakiriwe na MUAWIYA mwene ABU SUFIYANI (Imana imwishimire) yaravuze ati “Numvise Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) ivuga iti “Abahamagarira abantu gusenga (Adhana) ku munsi w’imperuka bazazurwa basumba abantu bose“. Yakiriwe na Muslim.

UBURYO BWA ADHANA BWAKORESHWAGA KU GIHE CY’INTUMWA MUHAMADI:

Amagambo Adhana ya BILALI BUN RABAH (Imana imwishimire) yajyaga akoresha ku gihe cy’intumwa Muhamadi ahamagarira abantu isengesho yari agizwe ni nteruro cumi n’eshanu (15) akaba ari nayo ikoreshwa ahenshi.

– Adhana ya ABI MAHADHURAT (Imana imwishimire) yajyaga ahamagarira iswala (ADHANA) igizwe n’interuro cumi n’icyenda (19).

– Adhana ijya kumera nk’iya ABI MAHADHURAT uretse ko yo “TAK’BIRA” za mbere igira ebyiri gusa ikagira interuro cumina zirindwi (17).

Interuro za Adhana ni ngombwa ko zisubirwamo kabiri kabiri, uretse interuro yanyuma LA ILAHA ILA ALLAHU ivugwa rimwe gusa.

Nk’uko tubisanga mu mvugo yakiriwe na ABDALLAH mwene OMAR (Imana imwishimire) aragira ati “Ku gihe cy’Intumwa y’Imana twajyaga duhamagarira isengesho (Adhana) buri nteruro inshuro ebyiri ebyiri naho mu guhagurutsa isengesho (IQAMAT) inshuro imwe imwe, uretse aho bagira bati: “QAD QAMATI SWALAT” niho bavugaga inshuro ebyiri”  Yakiriwe na Abu Dawuda na Nasaii

Kuri ubwo buryo bwose bwa ADHANA, ku iswala ya mugitondo (AL FAJIRI), nyuma ya “HAYA ALAL FALAH” bongeraho “ASWALATU KHAY’RU MINA NAW’MU” (Iswala ni nziza kurusha ibitotsi) uretse muri Adhana ya mbere y’umugereka ibanziriza iy’itegeko niho bitavugwa kuko itambuka mbere y’igihe cy’isengesho.

Muri islamu Adhana zitorwa ku ijuma ni ebyiri, iya mbere itambuka hakiri kare mu rwego rwo guhwitura abantu no kubibutsa kwitegura Ijuma nkuko byakozwe mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Othmani, kandi Intumwa y’Imana ikaba yarategetse gukurikiza imigenzo y’abayobozi bane (4) bayoboye Islamu nyuma y’Intumwa. Iya kabiri ni Adhana ikorwa igihe Imamu ageze kuri MIMBARI (ahatangirwa Khutuba arizo nyigisho zo kumunsi wa gatanu).

Imamu ntabwo ahemberwa ko yasalishije abantu (yayobora Isengesho), kimwe n’Utora Adhana ntabwo ahemberwa kubera ko ahamagarira isengesho, gusa biramutse bigaragaye ko iyo mirimo bayikorana n’indi nko kugenzura imigendekere myiza y’umusigiti, isuku, kuwurinda n’ibindi icyo gihe bagenerwa igihembo kugira ngo babashe gukemura ibibazo byabo.

Igihe umuntu yinjiye mu musigititi, barimo guhamagara (ADHANA), nibyiza ko ategereza ntihagire icyo akora ahubwo agakurikira anasubiramo ibyo uhamagara avuga kugeza igihe uhamagara arangirije guhamagara, kandi ntiyicare keretse arangije gusali raka ebyiri bita: “Tahiyatul Masjid (Indamutso y’umusigiti)”.

Igihe uhamagara arimo ahamagarira isengesho (ADHANA) ntabwo umuntu yemerewe gusohoka mumusigititi ngo yigendere, keretse afite impamvu yemewe imwemerera gusohoka nk’uburwayi, gushaka isuku (gutawadha) k’uwacitswe n’isuku n’ibindi

IQAMAT:

Uburyo bwa IQAMAT bwakoreshejwe ku gihe cy’Intumwa y’Imana Ningombwa ko iba itondetse neza kandi ikurikiranye muri bumwe mu buryo bukurikira:

– IQAMAT ya BILALI (Imana imwishimire) yajyaga akora imbere y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha), Iyo IQAMAT igizwe n’interuro cumi n’imwe (11) akaba ari nayo ikoreshwa cyane mu misigiti myinshi inyuranye yo ku isi.

– IQAMAT ya ABI MAHADHURAT (Imana imwishimire); igizwe n’interuro cumi na zirindwi (17).

– Hari n’indi IQAMAT igizwe n’interuro icumi (10) nayo yakozwe ku gihe cy’Intumwa y’Imana nkuko tubisanga mu mvugo yakiriwe na Abu Dawudi na Nasa’i.

Ni byiza ko umuntu akora ubusabe “DUA” hagati ya Adhana na Iqamat kandi biremewe kuba umuntu yanakoresha indangururamajwi (microphone) igihe cya Adhana na Iqamat no mu isengesho ndetse na Khutuba (Inyigisho) igihe bibaye ngombwa, ariko iyo gukoresha indangururamajwi (microphone) bitera ikibazo cyangwa kubangamira abandi, icyo gihe indangururamajwi ivanwaho.

Ni byiza ko uwahamagariye isengesho (Uwatoye Adhana) ari nawe uhagurukiriza isengesho (Iqamat) byombi bigakorwa n’umuntu umwe.

Adhana: Itorwa n’Ushinzwe kuyitora (Muadhin) bivuga ko ariwe umenya igihe cyo guhamagara, naho Iqamat:  Yo ni iya Imamu, bivuga ko ariwe utanga uburenganzira bwo guhagurukiriza isengesho.

Muri Adhana ni byiza ko batandukanya interuro imwe imwe kandi bagasiga mo akanya gato uretse interuro y’ijambo ALLAHU AK’BAR ni byiza ko yo bayifatanya bakavuga bati: ALLAHU AK’BAR ALLAHU AK’BAR bikavugirwa icya rimwe, uretse ko rimwe na rimwe nabyo bishoboka ko babitandukanya ariko ibyiza kurushaho ni ukubifatanya.

Ukurikira ADHANA agenda asubiramo ibyo utora Adhana avuga. Naho kuri IQAMAT gusubira mubyo uhagurutsa avuga ntabwo byemewe kuko bitigeze bikorwa ku gihe cy’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha).

Igihe cy’ubukonje ni byiza ko Utora adhana mu bihe by’ubukonje bwinshi cyangwa mu ijoro ry’umwijima mwinshi uteye ubwoba ko nyuma ya “HAYA ALAL FALAH” yavuga ati: “SWALU FI BUYUTIKUM (Musalire mu mago yanyu)”; icyo gihe uje gusalira ku musigititi ntacyo biba bitwaye ndetse nusaliye mu rugo iwe nabyo nta kibazo.

ADHANA NA IQAMAT K’UMUNTU URI KU RUGENDO:

Biturutse kuri MALIKI BUN HUWAY’RITH (Imana imwishimire) yaragize ati “Haje abagabo babiri ku intumwa y’Imana bifuza gukora urugendo, Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) irababwira iti “Igihe muzaba mugiye mu rugendo muzatore Adhana munahagurutse isengesho (IQAMAT) maze umukuru muri mwe abayobore mu isengesho“.

KU IBIJYANYE NA ADHANA NA IQAMAT ISENGESHO RIGABANYIJEMO IBICE BINE:

1. ِAmasengesho agira Adhana na Iqamat: Imasengesho atanu y’itegeko.
2. Amasengesho agira Iqamat nta Adhana: Amasengesho akorewe hamwe ari ebiri, irya kabiri rigira Iqamat gusa hatabayeho Adhana, isengesho bishyura bacyererewe kuyakorera ku igihe.
3. Isengesho rifite Adhana yihariye: Isengesho rikorwa igihe habayeho ubwirakabiri.
4. Amasengesho atagira Adhana ntanagire Iqamat: Amasengesho y’umugereka, isengesho ry’uwitabye Imana, ilayidi zombi, isengesho ryo gusaba imvura.

IBIHE BY’AMASENGESHO:

1. Adhuhuri (Isengesho ryo ku manywa): 

Igihe cy’isengesho ryo ku manywa (Adhuhuri) ni kumanywa igihe izuba rirenze gato umurongo wo hagati kugeza igihe igicucu cya buri kintu cyangwa cy’umuntu kiba kireshya nawe. Gusenga iri sengesho ku gihe cyayo cya mbere, nibyo byiza keretse igihe hari ubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa izuba ryinshi icyo gihe wayitinza ukayisali mu gihe cyayo cya nyuma. Iri sengesho rikaba rigizwe na Raka enye (4).

2. Al Aswiri (Isengesho ryo ku gicamunsi):

Igihe cy’isengesho ryo ku gicamunsi (Al Aswiri) gitangira igihe igicucu cya buri kintu cyangwa cy’umuntu kiba kireshya nawe kugeza igihe izuba ribereye umuhondo (rijya kurenga), Ku abagize ikibazo kikageza izuba rijya kurenga. Iyi swala nayo nibyiza kuyihutisha. Isengesho rya Al Aswir rifite Raka (4).

3. Isengesho rya Al Magh’rib (Ku mugoroba):

Igihe cy’isengesho rya Magharib ku mugoroba, gitangira izuba rimaze kugeza ibicu bitukura birenze. Nibyiza ko iri sengesho ryihutishwa kuko igihe cyaryo kiba ari gito cyane. Iri sengesho rigizwe na Raka (3).

4. Al Ishaau (Isengesho ryo mu ijoro):                                                       

Igihe cy’isengesho ryo mu ijoro (AL ISHAAU) gitangira kuva igihe ibicu bitukura bimaze kurenga kugeza hagati mu ijoro. Kubagize impamvu ni ukugeza umuseke ugiye gutambika. Nibyiza ko iri sengesho rikerezwa rigasengwa mu gihe cyaryo cya nyuma iyo bikoroheye ntibinakubuze gusengera mu imbaga (Ijama). Iri sengesho rikaba rigizwe na Raka enye (4).

5. Al Faj’ri (isengesho ryo mu museso):

Igihe cy’isengesho ryo mu museso (Al Faj’ri) gitangira igihe umuseke utambitse kugeza izuba rirashe. Nibyiza ko iri sengesho ryihutishwa, rigasengwa ku gihe cyayo cya mbere umuseke ugitambika. Iri sengesho kandi rikaba rigizwe na Raka ebyiri (2).

ICYITONDERWA:

Abatuye ahantu izuba ritarenga mu bihe bisanzwe cyangwa rigatinda kurasa kimwe no mu bihugu amanywa n’ijoro byaho bimara igihe kirekire, bagomba gusali amasengesho atanu (5) bayagabanyije mu masaha makumyabiri n’ane (24h) bakurikije ingengabihe y’isengesho mu gihugu baturanye kurusha ibindi gifite ibihe by’isengesho bisobanutse.

IBYO UGOMBA KUBA WUJUJE KUGIRA NGO ISENGESHO RIBE ITEGEKO KURI WOWE:

•  Kuba ari umuyislamu.
•  Kuba afite ubwenge.
•  Kuba agimbutse cyangwa ari umwangavu.
•  Kuba igihe cy’isengesho kigeze.
•  Kuba ufite isuku ku mubiri no ku myambaro.
•  Kuba nta miziririzo yamubuza gusenga nko kuba umugore ari mu mihango cyangwa mu ibisanza.

IBISABWA KUGIRA NGO ISENGESHO RITUNGANE:

•  Kuba afite isuku yo gutawaza.
•  Kwambara imyambaro ihisha ubwambure (ku mugabo ni uguhera ku mukondo ukageza munsi y’amavi, naho umugore ni umubiri wose uretse uburanga n’ibiganza).
•  Kwerekera Qiblat.

ITEGEKO RYO GUHINDURA (NIYAT) HAGATI MU ISENGESHO:

Buri gikorwa cyose kigomba kugendana n’umugambi (Niyat). Ntabwo byemewe guhindura umugambi w’ikintu ukawuhindurira ku kindi, nko kuba waba urimo usenga isengesho rya AL Al Aswiri, ugahindura umugambi ugasenga isengesho rya Adhuhuri. Ntibyemewe ko uhindura umugambi wawe ku isengesho ry’umugereka ukawimurira ku isengesho ry’itegeko, nko kuba wasengaga RAKA ebyiri za mbere ya AL FAJ’RI warangiza ukagambirira isengesho rya Al Fajir.

Biremewe kuba wakwimura umugambi wawe uwuvana kw’isengesho ry’itegeko ukagambirira isengesho ry’umugereka, nko kuba wasengaga isengesho ry’itegeko warangiza ugahindura ukayigira umugereka kubera ko wabonye abandi ufatanya nabo mugukora isengesho ry’imbaga (Jamat).

Biremewe ko umuntu ahindura umugambi we igihe arimo gusenga wenyine cyangwa se ayobowe mu isengesho, akagira umugambi wo kuba Imamu kimwe no kuba yari ayobowe mu isengesho agasigara wenyine ashobora we guhindura umugambi igihe arimo gusenga isengesho ry’itegeko agahindura mu isengesho ry’umugereka ariko ntibyemewe kuva mu isengesho ry’umugereka ujya mu isengesho ry’itegeko.

Umuyislamu ashobora kwambara imyambaro yifuza keretse iyabujijwe, nk’iriho amashusho y’ibintu bifite roho ku abagabo n’abagore cyangwa se kuba ikizira kubera uyambaye nk’isengesho ry’umugabo mu myenda y’umugore cyangwa umwambaro urenze utubumbankore, cyangwa kuba ari ikizira kubera ko yawuhuguje nyirawo cyangwa yawibye n’ibindi.

Ubutaka bwose burasukuye, kandi bwemerewe kubusengeraho, keretse ahagenewe imyanda nko mu bwiherero n’ahandi hamenwa imyanda, cyangwa ahari ibiraro by’ingamiya no ku marimbi, uretse iswala y’uwitabye Imana, kuko yo ishobora gukorerwa ku marimba bibaye ngombwa.

Iyo impamvu yabuzaga umuntu gusari ivuyeho igihe cy’isengesho kikiriho niyo haba hasigaye igihe kingana no gukora Iraka imwe ategetswe gusari, nk’igihe uwataye ubwenge abugaruye, uwinjira idini, n’uvuye mu mihango no mubisanza.

Iyo umugore wari mu mihango y’ukwezi irangiye mu gihe bidashoboka ko yisukura igihe cy’isengesho kitararangira, arisukura agasenga kabone n’iyo igihe cy’iryo sengesho kiba cyarangiye kimwe n’umuntu wari uryamye igihe akangutse akabona ko kwisukura izuba riba ryarashe, arisukura agasenga kabone niyo izuba ryaba ryarashe kubera ko igihe cy’isengesho ry’umuntu usinziriye ni igihe akangukiyeho.

Usenga ategetswe kwerekeza uburanga bwe ku inzu y’Imana iri i Makka, ariko igihe umuntu atabashije kumenya icyerekezo akabura n’uwo abaza arashakisha agasenga yerekeje uburanga bwe aho akeka ko aricyo cyerekezo, iyo asanze atariho nyuma yo gusenga ntabwo asubiramo iryo sengesho.

Ni byiza ko umuntu asengera hasi haciye bugufi, ariko ashobora no gusengera ahazamuye nko kuburiri bibaye ngombwa.

Uwataye ubwenge kubera ibitotsi cyangwa gusinda, uwo ategetswe gusenga isengesho ryamuciyeho kimwe n’uwataye ubwenge bitewe n’ibyemewe nko kunywa umuti nawe ategetswe gusenga isengesho ryamunyuzeho. Naho utaye ubwenge kubera impamvu zitamuturutseho nko kuzimira no kugwa igicuri, uwo nta tegetswe gusenga isengesho ryamunyuzeho.

UBURYO BWO KWISHYURA ISENGESHO RYAGUCITSE:

Mu isengesho harimo ayo umuntu ategetswe gusenga igihe yamunyuzeho, iyo impamvu yatumye atayakora irangiye, nk’Isengesho eshanu z’itegeko, hakabaho n’izo umuntu adasari iyo zamunyuzeho nk’iswala y’ijuma, kuko uwo yanyuzeho asari Adhuhur.

Umuntu ategetswe kwihutisha iswala zamuciyeho kandi azikurikiranyije, kutazikurikiranya bishobora guterwa no kwibagirwa, ubujiji, gutinya kurangira kw’igihe cy’iswala igezweho no gutinya gucikwa n’iswala ya jamat.

Iyo umuntu yatangiye gusari akibuka ko atasenze iyayibanjirije, abanza kurangiza iyo arimo gukora, nyuma agasenga iyo yibagiwe.

Umuntu wacyererewe isengesho rya Al Aswir akagera ahasengerwa mu gihe Imamu arimo gusenga isengesho rya Magharib, uwo muntu ahita akurikira Imamu, nyuma agasenga isengesho rya Al Aswir wenyine.

Uwibagiwe isengesho cyangwa agasinzira ayisarira igihe ayibukiye cyangwa akangukiye. Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) yaravuze iti “Uzibagirwa isengesho cyangwa asinziriye, icyiru cye ni ukuryishyurira igihe ayibukiye“. Yakiriwe na Bukhari na Muslim.

UBURYO ISENGESHO RIKORWAMO: 

1. Usenga yerekera Qiblat ariyo Al Kaabat akayerekezaho igihimba cye cyose aho yaba ari hose. Mu mutima we agamije Isengesho ashaka gusenga yaba Isengesho ry’itegeko (Faradwa) cyangwa isengesho ry’umugereka (Sunat).Icyo agambiriye (Niyat) ntabwo acyatura ku rurimi rwe kubera ko kwatura ku rurimi bitari mu byategetswe, ahubwo icyo gihe aba akoze icyaduka (Bidaa) kubera y’uko intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) itigeze na rimwe yatura Niyat cyangwa abasangirangendo bayo (Imana ibishimire).Ni nk’uko agomba kwishyiriraho imbago asariraho (Sutra) yaba ari Imamu cyangwa usenga wenyine. Kandi kwerekera Qibla ni kimwe mu byangobwa bisabwa (Shariti) mu Isengesho, uretse mu bibazo byihariye.
2. Avuga TAKBIIRAT AL IHRAM ati “ALLAH AKBAR”, amaso ye areba aho ari bwubame.
3. Igihe cyo kuvuga TAKBIIRAT azamura amaboko ye aharinganiye n’intugu ze cyangwa amatwi ye.
4. Ashyira amaboko ye yombi ku gituza cye, ukw’iburyo hejuru y’ikiganza cye cy’imoso, n’ubujana na ruseke y’akaboko, kuko ibyo ari impamo biturutse ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha).
5. Ni Suna ko asoma iduwa y’urufunguzo (ISTIFTAHI), ariyo “ALLAHUMA BAA ID BAYNII WA BAYNA KHATWAA YAA YA KAMAA BAA AD’TA BAYNAL MASHRIQ WAL MAGHRIB. ALLAHUMA NAQQINII MIN KHATWAA YAA YA KAMAA YUNAQQAA THAUBUL AB’YADWU MINA DDANASI. ALLAHUMA IGH’SIL’NII MIN KHATWAYAAYA BIL MAA’I WA THAL’JI WAL BARADI” Ibisobanuro: Nyagasani Mana yanjye, shyira intera ndende hagati yanjye n’ibyaha byanjye nk’uko washyize intera ndende hagati y’iburasirazuba n’uburengerazuba. Nyagasani Mana yanjye, nyozaho ibyaha byanjye nk’uko umwambaro wera usukurwaho umwanda, Nyagasani Mana yanjye nyuhagira ibyaha byanjye hakoreshejwe amazi asanzwe n’ay’urubura n’ay’urume.                    Kandi ashatse yasoma: SUBHAANAKA ALLAHUMA WABIHAM’DIKA WA TABAARAKA IS’MUKA, WA TAALA JADDUKA WA LAA ILAHA GHAIRUKA. Ibisobanuro: Uri nyir’ubutungane n’ubuziranenge Mana yanjye no kubw’ishimwe ryawe, kandi izina ryawe riratagatifutse, kandi icyubahiro cyawe kirahanitse. Kandi nta yindi Mana ibaho uretse wowe Mana. Kandi igihe asomye indi DUWA itari izo zombi mu maduwa yagenewe kuba urufunguzo rw’Iswala ituruka ku Ntumwa by’impamo ntacyo byatwara, ariko ibyiza cyane ni uko rimwe yasoma iyi ubundi agasoma indi, kubera y’uko uko kuba ariko gukurikira kuzuye, yarangiza akavuga ati: AUDHU BILLAAHI MINA SHAYITWAANI RAJIM, BISMILLAAHI RAHMANI RAHIM. Ibisobanuro: Nikinze kuri Allah kugira ngo andinde Shitani w’ikivume, Ku izina ry’Imana nyir’impuhwe nyir’ibambe. Agasoma Al Hamdu (SURAT AL FATIHA). Dushingiye ku mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) iragira iti “Nta sengesho kuri wa wundi utasomye FATIHAT AL KITAB (Al Hamdu)“. Aha, iyi Hadith iravuga ku muntu usenga wenyine wenyine. Iyo arangije gusoma Al Hamdu (SURAT AL FATIHA), aravuga ati: AMIIN, yatuye ijwi mu Isengesho yaturwamo ijwi, na bucece mu Isengesho rya bucece, yarangiza agasoma ayat zimushobokeye muri Qor’ani.  Ikiruta ibindi, ni uko nyuma yo gusoma Surat Al Fatiha mu Isengesho rya Adhuhuri (Ku manywa) na Al Aswri (ku gicamunsi) na Ishaau (nijoro) yasoma amwe mu masura aciriritse, naho mu Isengesho rya Al Fajri (Umuseke) agasoma amwe mu masura arambuye (maremare), no mu Isengesho rya Maghrib (nimugoroba) igihe kimwe agasoma mu masura maremare, ubundi ugasoma mu masura magufi, mu kugendera kuri za Hadith zihamya ibyo.
6. Arunama (RUKU) avuga TAKBIIRA (Allah Akbaru) azamuye amaboko ye ku haringaniye n’intugu cyangwa amatwi ye, umutwe we akawushyira aharinganiye n’umugongo we yashyize amaboko ye ku mavi ye yombi atandukanyije intoki ze kandi akagira gutuza muri uko kunama kwe kandi akavuga ati “SUBAHAANA RABBIYAL ADHIM” Akabivuga inshuro eshatu.                                  Ibisobanuro: Aratagatifutse Nyagasani wanjye uhambaye. Ikiruta ibindi, ni uko ayo magambo ayasubiramo inshuro eshatu cyangwa zirenga, ni na byiza ko hamwe n’ayo magambo yavuga: “SUBAHAANAKA ALLAAHUMA GH’FIR LII” Ibisobanuro: Ubutagatifu ni ubwa we, Nyagasani,  Mana, mbabarira ibyaha.
7. Yegura umutwe we ava muri ruku (ku mavi) azamuye amaboko ye ku haringaniye n’intugu ze cyangwa amatwi ye avuga ati: SAMIA LLAHU LIMAN HAMIDAHIbisobanuro Imana yumva uyisingiza ayishimaCyangwa usari wenyine n’igihe ahagaze avuge ati: RABBANA WA LAKAL HAMDU HAMDAN KATHIRAN TWAYIBAN MUBARAKAN FIIHI MIL A SAMAWATI WA MIL AL ARDWI, WA MIL A MAABAYINAHUMAA WA MIL AMAA SHI’ ITA MIN SHAY’IN BA’AD. Ibisobanuro: Murezi Mana yacu kandi ishimwe n’ibisingizo ni ibyawe, ishimwe ryinshi ryiza ryuje imigisha muri ryo, ryuzuye ibirere binuzuye isi n’ibyuzuye hagati ya byombi, n’ibyuzuye icyo aricyo cyose ushaka nyuma y’ibyo. Naho igihe we ari Ma’amuuma (Uyobowe) mu gihe cyo kunamuka aravuga ati: RABBANA WA LAKAL HAMDU kugeza ku musozo w’ibyavuzwe haruguru. N’igihe Imam na Ma’amuuma n’usali wenyine buri wese muri bo yongeyeho: AHLUTH THANAAI WAL MAJD AHAQQUMAA QAALAL ABDU WA KULUNA LAKA ABDU. ALLAHUMA LAA MAANIA LIMAA A’ATWAY’TA, WALAA MU’UTWII LIMAA MANA’ATA WALAA YAN-FA’UDHAL JADDI MINKAL JADDI. Ibisobanuro: Nyir’ugushimwa, nyir’icyubahiro, igikwiye cyavuzwe n’umugaragu kandi twese tukubereye abagaragu. Mana yanjye, ntawe ushobora kwambura uwo wahaye kandi ntawe ushobora guha uwo wimye, kandi umunyabukungu ntacyo amaze kubera yuko ubukungu butangwa nawe. Byaba ari byiza kuko ari impamo iturutse ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) kandi ni byiza kuri buri wese muri bo ko ashyira amaboko ye mu gituza cye nk’uko yabigenje mu gihagararo cye atari yajya muri RUKUU, kuko hari gihamya kimenyekanisha ibyo, giturutse ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) muri Hadith (Imvugo) ya WAAIL mwene HAJAR na SAHL mwene SAAD (Imana ibishimire bombi).
8. Ubwo arubama (Sujudu) avuga ati “ALLAHU AKBAR”, agashyira ibipfukamiro bye hasi imbere y’amaboko ye, igihe ibyo bimworoheye. Byaba bimukomereye akabanza (hasi) amaboko ye yombi mbere y’ibipfukamiro bye, amano y’ibirenge bye ayerekeje Qibla n’amaboko ye Qibla abumbuye intoki z’amaboko ye zirambuye. Uko kubama kukaba kubihimba bye birindwi: uruhanga, izuru, amaboko yombi, ibipfukamiro byombi n’inda z’amano y’ibirenge byombi, ubwo akavuga ati: SUBHAANA RABBIYAL-A’ALAA. Ibyo ubivuga inshuro eshatu ni Suna cyangwa izirenga izo. Ibisobanuro: Ubuziranenge ni ubw’umurezi Mana yanjye nyir’ikuzo. Ni nk’uko ari byiza kongeraho aya magambo: SUBHAANAKA ALLAHUMA RABANAA WA BIHAMDIKA, ALLAHUMA GH-FIRLY. Ibisobanuro: Ubutagatifu ni ubwawe Mana yanjye n’ibisingizo byiza ni ibyawe Mana yanjye, mbabarira. Anasabe (Iduwa) kenshi. Dushingiye ku mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) igira iti “Naho muri ruku mujye mutagatifuza mo Umuremyi. Naho mukubama (Sujuud) mujye mugira umuhate mu gusaba (Duwa), aho niho hakirwa ubusabe bwanyu”. Ubwo agasaba umurezi Imana ye ibyiza by’isi n’iby’imperuka. Nicyo kimwe yaba ari iswala y’itegeko cyangwa ari isengesho y’umugereka, kandi akagura amaboko ye ahagana mumaha ye ayatandukanya n’imbavu ze, n’inda ye akayishyira kure y’ibibero bye, n’ibibero bye akabishyira kure y’imirundi ye yombi, kandi azamure ruseke z’amaboko ye yombi ntizikore hasi. Dushingiye ku mvugo y’Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) igira iti “Mujye mwitunganya mu kubama kandi umwe muri mwe ntakarambike ruseke ze nk’uko imbwa izirambika” 
9. Yegura umutwe we agira ati “ALLAHU AKBAR” akisasira ikirenge cye cy’ibumoso, akacyicarira agashinga ikirenge cye cy’iburyo, kandi akarambika amaboko ye (ibiganza bye) ku bibero bye n’ibipfukamiro bye, maze akavuga ati: RABBIGH-FIRLY WARHAMNIY WAHDINIY WAR-ZUQNIY, WA AAFINIY WAJBURNIY. Ibisobanuro: Muremyi wanjye ngirira imbabazi kandi ungirire impuhwe, kandi unyobore, kandi umfungurire, kandi umpe ubuzima kandi umpumurize.Muri icyo cyicaro akarangwa n’ituze.
10. Yubama (Sidjida) umwubamo wa kabiri avuga “ALLAHU AKBAR”, agakoramo ibyo yakoze mu mwubamo wa mbere. 
11. Yegura umutwe we avuga ati “ALLAHU AKBAR” kandi yicara icyicaro kinzugunya nk’icyicaro cyo hagati y’inyubamo ebyiri, icyo cyitwa icyicaro cy’akaruhuko (Jalsat Al-Istiraahah) ni cyiza kugikora, kandi iyo akiretse nta mwikomo kuri we, kandi nta bisingizo (DHIKRI) cyangwa ubusabe (Duwa) biteganyijwe muri icyo cyicaro.Nyuma agahaguruka agahagarara. Ajya kuri rakaa ya kabiri ashikamye ku bipfukamiro bye byombi, igihe ibyo bimworoheye, naho iyo ibyo bimukomereye ashikama hasi, nyuma agasoma AL FATIHAT na ayat zimworoheye muri Qor’ani. Nyuma yo gusoma ibyo maze agakora nk’uko yabikoze mu iraka ya mbere.
12. Igihe isengesho rigizwe n’iraka ebyiri nk’isengesho ryo mu museke n’isengesho y’ijuma n’irayidi zombi, yicara nyuma yo kweguka kwe mu mwubamo wa kabiri ashinze ikirenge cye cy’iburyo ashashe (yicariye) ikirenge cye cy’ibumoso, arambitse akaboko ke k’iburyo hejuru y’ikibero cye cy’iburyo, azinze intoki ze zose uretse mukubitarukoko, akarambura yerekana (TAUHID) kuba Imana ari imwe rukumbi, kandi abaye nk’uhina agahera n’urukurikiye agahera mu kaboko ke k’iburyo, maze agakora uruziga rwa musumba zose n’igikumwe, maze akarambura mukubitarukoko.Nibyiza kubera y’uko ubwo buryo bwombi bwabaye impamo ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) kandi ikiruta ikindi, ni uko rimwe yajya akora ubu buryo ubundi agakora buriya; akanarambika akaboko ke k’imoso hejuru y’ikibero cye cy’imoso n’ivi rye.Hanyuma agasoma ubuhamya (ATTASHAHUD) yicaye aribwo “ATTAHIYYATU LILLAHI WA SWALAWATU WA TWAYIBAATU, AS-SALAAMU ALAYKA AYYUHAN-NABIYYU WA RAHMATUL-LAAHI WA BARAKAATUH, AS-SALAMU ALAYNA WA ALAA IBAADILLAHIS-SALIHINA, ASH-HADU AN’LAA ILAHA ILLA LLAHU WA ASH-HADU ANNA MUHAMMADAN ABDUHU WA RASUULUHU”. Ibisobanuro: Indamutso ni iy’Imana n’imigisha n’ibyiza byose ni iby’Imana, amahoro abe kuri wowe yewe muhanuzi n’impuhwe z’Imana n’imigisha yayo. Amahoro abe kuri twe no kubagaragu b’Imana beza. Ndahamya mu mutima wanjye mvugishije ururimi rwanjye ko nta Mana isengwa m’ukuri uretse Allah. Kandi ndahamya mu mutima wanjye mvugisha ururimi rwanjye ko Muhamadi ari umugaragu wayo kandi akaba ari Intumwa yayo.                  Nyuma akavuga ati “ALLAHUMA SWALLI ALAA MUHAMMADI WA ALAA ALI MUHAMMADI KAMA SWALLAYTA AALAA IBRAHIM WA ALAA ALI IBRAHIM INNAKA HAMIIDUM-MAJIID. WA BAARIKI ALAA MUHAMMADI WAA ALAA AALI MUHAMMADI KAMAA BAARAKTA ALAA IBRAAHIM WA ALAA AALI IBRAAHIM INNAKA HAMIID MAJIID”                          Ibisobanuro: Mana yanjye, hundagaza impuhwe kuri Muhamadi no k’umuryango wa Muhamadi nk’uko wahundagaje impuhwe kuri Ibrahim no k’umuryango wa Ibrahim, muby’ukuri wowe uri nyir’ugushimwa nyir’ugusingizwa, kandi uhundagaze imigisha kuri Muhamadi no k’umuryango wa Muhamadi nk’uko wahundagaje imigisha kuri Ibrahim no k’umuryango wa Ibrahim, mu by’ukuri wowe uri nyir’ugushimwa nyir’ugusingizwa. Kandi asaba Imana ubuhungiro agira ngo imurinde ibintu bine avuga ati “ALLAHUMA INNII AUDHUBIKA MIN ADHAABI JAHANNAMA, WA MIN ADHAABIL QABRI, WA MIN FIT’NATIL MAHYAA WAL MAMAATI, WA MIN FIT’NATIL MASIIHI DAJJAAL” Ibisobanuro: Mana yanjye nguhungiyeho undinde ibihano byo muri Jahanama, n’ibihano byo mu mva, n’ibigeragezo by’ubuzima n’ibya nyuma y’urupfu, n’ibigeragezobya Masiihiddajaal.Yarangiza agasaba ibyo ashaka mu byiza by’isi n’iby’imperuka, kandi igihe asabiye ababyeyi be bombi cyangwa abandi batari bo mu baislam ntacyo bitwaye nicyo kimwe yaba asali iswala y’itegeko (Faradwa) cyangwa ari iy’umugereka (Nawafil). Dushingiye ku mvugo rusange y’Intumwa muri Hadith ya mwene Masudi ubwo yamwigishaga ubuhamya (ATTASHAHUD) ati “Narangiza ahitemwo mu busabe (amaduwa) ubumushimishije maze asabe”. Naho mu yindi mvugo “Narangiza ahitemwo igisabisho ashatse”.Ibyo bikaba bibumbye ibyo aribyo byose bifitiye umuntu akamaro haba mu isi cyangwa ku mperuka.Nyuma agatanga indamutso (Salam) iburyo bwe n’ibumoso bwe, agira ati: ASSALAM ALAIKUM WARAH MATU LAAHI, ASSALAM ALAIKUM WARAH MATU LAAHI “Amahoro y’Imana abe kuri mwe hamwe n’impuhwe zayo”.
13. Iyo isengesho igizwe n’iraka eshatu nk’iya nimugoroba (Magharib) cyangwa ari isengesho igizwe na raka enye nk’iy’amanywa (Adhuhuri) n’iy’igicamunsi (Al Aswir) n’iya nijoro (Ishau), asoma ubuhamya (ATASHAHUD) bwavuzwe haruguru hamwe no gusabira Intumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha), maze akeguka agahagarara ashikamiye amavi ye yombi azamuye amaboko ye yombi, aharinganiye n’intugu ze zombi cyangwa amatwi ye yombi avuga ati “ALLAHU AKBAR” maze ayo maboko akayashyira ku gituza cye nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, ubwo agasoma Al hamdu (AL FATIHA) yonyine, kandi abaye nk’usoma mu raka ya gatatu n’iya kane y’iswala yo ku manywa (DHUHUR).Ikiyongereye kuri al hamdu rimwe na rimwe ntakibazo kubera y’uko hari ibihamya bimenyekanisha ibyo biturutse ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) muri Hadith ya ABIY SAID (Imana imwishimire). Nyuma akavuga ubuhamya nyuma y’iraka ya gatatu ya swala ya nimugoroba (MAGHRIB) na nyuma y’iraka ya kane y’iswala ya Dhuhuri na Asri na Ishaai nk’uko byavuzwe, bityo mu iswala y’iraka ebyiri.Yarangiza agatanga indamutso (Salam) iburyo bwe n’ibumoso bwe, agasaba Imana imbabazi (ASTAGHFIRULLAH) inshuro eshatu. Nyuma akavuga ati: ALLAHUMA AN’TA SALAAMU WA MINKA SALAAMU TABAARAKTA YAA DHAL JALAALI WAL IKRAAM. Ibisobanuro: Mana yanjye, Wowe uri amahoro, kandi amahoro aturuka kuri wowe wujuje umugisha yewe nyir’icyubahiro n’ubugwaneza. Iyo ari Imam abivuga mbere y’uko ahindukira akareba abantu. Nyuma akavuga ati: LAA ILAAHA ILLA LAAHU WAHDAHU LAA SHARIIKALAHU, LAHUL MULKU WA LAHUL HAMDU WA HUWA ALAA KULLI SHAYI IN QADIIR. Ibisobanuro: Nta yindi Mana ikwiye gusengwa m’ukuri uretse Allah wenyine, nta mufasha igira, niwe nyir’ubwami kandi akaba ariwe nyir’ugushimwa kandi we ifite ubushobozi kuri byose. Akomeza ati: ALLAAHUMMA LAA MAANI’A LIMAA A’ATWAY’TA, WALAA MU’UTWIY LIMAA MANA A’TA, WALAA YAN’FAU DHAL JADDI MIN’KAL JADDU. Ibisobanuro: Mana yanjye, ntawe ushobora kwambura uwo wahaye, kandi ntawe ushobora guha uwo wimye, kandi nyir’ubukungu ntacyo amaze kubera y’uko gukungahara bitangwa nawe.Akongera ati: LAA HAWULA WALAA QUWATA ILLAA BI LLAAHI, LAA ILAAHA ILLA LLAHU WALAA NA A’BUDU ILA IYAHU LAHU NI I’MATA WA LAHUL FADW’LU WALAHU THANAA UL HASAN, LAA ILAAHA ILLA LLAHU MUKH’LISWIINA LAHU DIINA WA LAW KARIHAL KAFIRUUNA. Ibisobanuro: Nta bubasha kandi nta mbaraga keretse kubw’Imana (Allah), nta Mana isengwa m’ukuri uretse Allah, kandi nta wundi dusenga uretse yo. Niyo nyir’inema ni nawe nyir’ubugwaneza, ni nawe nyir’ibisingizo byiza, nta Mana isengwa m’ukuri uretse Allah mu kumwereza idini n’ubwo bitashimisha abahakanyi. Kandi akavuga TASBIIHI: 
    •  SUB’HANA LLAH inshuro 33.
    •  ALHAMDU LILLAH inshuro 33.
    •  ALLAHU AKBARU inshuro 33.
    Mu kuzuza ijana akagira ati “LAA ILAHA ILA LLAAHU WAH’DAHU LAA SHARIIKA LAHU, LAHUL MUL’KU WA LAHUL HAM’DU WA HUWA ALA KULI SHAY IN QADIIRU” Ibisobanuro: Nta yindi Mana ibaho ikwiye gusengwa m’ukuri uretse Allah wenyine nta mufasha igira, ni nyir’ubwami kandi nyir’ishimwe, kandi yo ifite ubushobozi kuri buri kintu. Akanasoma AYATUL KURSIY na QUL HUWA LLAAHU AHAD na QUL AUDHU BIRABIL FALAQ na QUL AUDHU BIRABI NAASI nyuma ya buri sengesho, kandi ni na byiza ko aya masura uko ari atatu ayasubiramo inshuro eshatu, eshatu, nyuma y’isengesho ryo mu museke (AL FAJRI) n’isengesho rya nimugoroba (MAGHRIB) kubera y’uko hari za Hadith zihamya ibyo ko bituruka ku Ntumwa (Imana iyihe amahoro n’imigisha) kandi ibyo bisingizo (ADHKAARI) byose biri mu rwego rw’imigereka, ntabwo ari itegeko.                           

INKINGI Z’ISENGESHO:

1.  Inkingi z’isengesho ni ibyo isengesho rigomba kuba ryujuje kugira ngo ritungane. Isengesho ntiryakwemerwa n’Imana igihe hagize ibura muri izo nkingi. Izo nkingi rero ni cumi n’enye (14):
2. Guhagarara k’ubifitiye ubushobozi.
3. Tak’bira ya mbere (Tak’biratul Ihiram).
4. Gusoma Surat Al Fatihat kuri buri (Raka) mu isengesho.
5. Kunama (Rukuu).
6. Kunamuka.
7. Guhagarara wemye nyuma yo kunamuka.
8. Kubama (Sijidat) kubice birindwi (uruhanga n’izuru, ibiganza byombi, amavi yombi, amano).
9. Kwicara hagati ya Sijidat ebyiri.
10. Kubama (Sijidat) bwa kabiri.
11. Kwicara usoza (Tahiyyatu ya nyuma).
12. Gusabira Intumwa Muhamadi n’abantu bayo.
13. Gutuza mu bikorwa byose by’isengesho.
14. Indamutso yo kurangiza isengesho “ASALAMU”
15. Gukurikiranya izo nkingi.

Icyitonderwa:

Iyo umuntu urimo gusenga agize inkingi mu nkingi z’isengesho areka ku bushake isengesho rye rirononekara. Naho iyo ayiretse bitewe no kwibagirwa cyangwa kudasobanukirwa, isengesho rye riba rituzuye. Iyo agize inkingi yibagirwa cyangwa atabisobanukiwe asubira kuri ya nkingi yibagiwe igihe atarayigeraho ku raka ikurikiye; kuko iyo yayigezeho ku raka ikurikiye, iraka yayibagiwemo irononekara iyo agezeho ikaba ariyo ijya mu mwanya wayo (w’iya mbere yibagiwemo ya nkingi). Urugero: Iyo usali yibagiwe kunama akabyibuka atarajya kubindi bice, ahita yunama. Iyo abyibutse yageze ku kunama muri raka ya kabiri, icyo gihe raka ya mbere iba imfabusa igasimburwa n’iya kabiri. Gusoma “SURAT AL FATIHA” kuri Imamu ndetse n’usenga wenyine ni inkingi kuri buri raka. Iyo usenga hagize raka yibagiweho gusoma “SURAT AL FATIHA” bituma iyo Raka iba imfabusa, naho Maamuma (uyobowe n’undi mu isengesho) ayisoma bucece kuri buri raka, uretse aho Imamu asoma mu ijwi riranguruye, igihe atamuhaye umwanya uhagije wo kuyisoma bituma atayisoma kuko agomba guceceka akumviriza ibyo Imamu asoma.

IBINTU BY’INGENZI MU ISENGESHO (WAJIBATU): 

•  Tak’bira zindi mu isengesho zitari Tak’biratul Ihiram.
•  Gusingiza Imana igihe cyo kunama uvuga uti “SUB’HANA RABIYAL ADHWIMI” Ubutagatifu ni ubwa Nyagasani wanjye Nyir’ikuzo), inshuro eshatu.
•  Kuvuga “SAMIA LLAHU LIMANI HAMIDAHU” (Imana yumva uyishimira)” kuri Imamu cyangwa usenga wenyine.
•  Kuvuga “RABANA WALAKAL HAMDU” (Nyagasani ugusingizwa ni ukwawe) kuri Imamu n’abo ayoboye ndetse n’usenga wenyine.
•  Gusingiza Imana igihe cyo kubama uvuga uti “SUB’HANA RABIYAL A’ALA” Ubutagatifu ni ubwa Nyagasani wanjye usumba byose) inshuro eshatu.
•  Gusaba hagati ya Sijida zombi uvuga uti “RABI GH’FIR’LI WAR’HAM’NI” (Nyagasani mbabarira kandi unangirire impuhwe).
•  Kwicara kuri ATAHIYATU ya mbere.
•  Kuvuga ATAHIYATU ya mbere.

Icyitonderwa:

Iyo usenga agize icyo areka mu ibintu by’ingenzi mu isengesho kubushake, byonona isengesho rye. Naho iyo agize icyo areka bitewe no kwibagirwa nyuma yo kukivaho na mbere yo kugera kuyindi nkingi ikurikiye, asubiramo akagikora, hanyuma agakomeza isengesho, akubama byo kwibagirwa (SIJIDATU SAH’WI) inshuro ebyiri akabona gusoza isengesho. Naho iyo abyibutse yageze mu yindi nkingi ikurikiyeho, icyo gihe ntagaruka kucyo yibagiwe icyo gihe yubama byo kwibagirwa (SIJIDATU SAH’WI) inshuro ebyiri akabona gusoza isengesho. Ibindi bikorwa mu isengesho bitavuzwe haba mu nkingi cyangwa mu by’ingenzi byayo, ibyo ni imigereka y’isengesho (SUNANU SWALATI) uyikoze arabihemberwa, utayikoze ntayihanirwa ntibyangiza n’isengesho rye, iyo migereka igizwe n’imvugo n’ibikorwa.

IMIGEREKA Y’AMASENGESHO IKORWA MU IMVUGO:

Muri iyo migereka twavuga mo:

– Ubusabe bufungura isengesho “SUB’HANAKA ALLAHUMA WABIHAM’DIKA WATABARAKA IS’MUKA WA TAALA JADUKA WA LA ILAHA GHAY’RUKA (Ubutagatifu no gusingizwa ni ibyawe Mana. Izina ryawe ryuje imigisha no kubahwa kwawe kuruta byose nta y’indi Mana ibaho uretse wowe).

– Kwikinga ku Mana uvuga AUDHU BILAHI MINA SHAY’TWANI RAJIMI (Nikinze ku Mana ngo indinde Shitani wavumwe).

– Gutangiza izina ry’Imana uvuga BISMILAHI RAHMANI RAHIMI (Ku izina ry’Imana Nyirimpuhwe Nyirimbabazi).

– Kuvuga AMINA (Akira ubusabe Mana) nyuma yo kurangiza gusoma SURATUL FATIHAT.

– Gusoma indi SURAT cyangwa indi mirongo muri Qor’ani nyuma yo gusoma SURATUL FATIHAT mu isengesho rifite raka ebyiri no muri raka ebyiri zibanza ku ma sengesho agizwe na raka eshatu n’enye.

IMIGEREKA Y’AMASENGESHO AKORWA MU BIKORWA:

Muri iyo migereka twavuga mo:

– Kuzamura amaboko ukayageza aharinganiye n’intugu cyangwa ku matwi igihe cya “TAK’BIRATUL IH’RAMU”, kunama, kunamuka no guhaguruka mugutangira iraka ya gatatu ku isengesho rifite iraka eshatu n’irifite enye.

– Gushyira ukuboko kw’iburyo hejuru y’ukw’ibumoso ku gituza cyangwa munsi y’igituza hejuru y’umukondo.

IBYANGIZA AMASENGESHO:

Ibyangiza isengesho ni ibi bikurikira:

– Kureka kimwe mu by’ingenzi, inkingi n’ibyangombwa by’isengesho ku bushake.

– Gukora ibitari mu bikorwa by’isengesho, nko gukebaguzwa no kurangaguzwa n’ibindi bitari ngombwa kandi ntampamvu ibiteye.

– Kugaragaza bimwe mu bice by’ubwambure (ubwambure bw’umugabo ari uguhera ku mukondo kugeza ku mavi naho ubwambure bw’umugore ni umubiri we wose uretse uburanga bwe n’ibiganza).

– Kuvuga kubushake amagambo atajyanye n’isengesho.

– Kurya no kunywa.

– Guseka cyane bikabije.

– Ukwibagirwa birenze urugero nko gusari AL ISHAAI iraka umunani kuko gukora nk’ibi ari ikimenyetso simusiga cyo kuba nta kwibombarika yari afite kandi aribyo mutima w’isengesho.

Icyitonderwa:

Udukorwa duke nko gukora ikimenyetso wikiriza indamutso, gutunganya umwambaro, kwishima n’ibindi ntibyonona isengesho keretse habayeho gukabya kuburyo usenga rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutuma ajijwa aho yari ageze mu isengesho. Udasobanukiwe n’isengesho neza akagira inkingi cyangwa ibyangombwa by’isengesho yibagirwa, iyo igihe cy’isengesho kigihari asubiramo iryo sengesho yibagiwemo, naho iyo igihe cyaryo cyarangiye ntabwo arisubiramo.

GUSINGIZA IMANA (ISTIGH’FARU) NYUMA Y’AMASENGESHO Y’ITEGEKO:

Gusinziza Imana cyangwa gukora ISTIGH’FARU nyuma y’isengesho y’itegeko tubisanga mu byakozwe n’Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) kubera ko benshi mubakora amasengesho bagira ibyo bibagirwa cyangwa ibyo badatunganya neza uko byakagombye, byaba mu bikorwa bigaragara nko gusoma bimwe mu bice bya Qor’ani (SURAT), kunama no kubama n’ibindi nko kwibombarika imbere y’Imana, kwerekeza umutima wawe wose k’Umuremyi wawe. Ku muntu udafite isuku cyangwa ufite ijanaba n’uri mu mihango, ibisanza, yemerewe gusingiza Imana no kuyikuza, ndetse no kuyishimira mu bisingizo byayo byiza, akanasabira Intumwa y’Imana, yabivuga ku rurimi rwe cyangwa ku mutima. Gusingiza Imana no kuyisaba bucece nibyo byiza muri rusange, uretse ibikorwa mu masengesho atanu y’itegeko no mu mutambagiro mutagatifu i Makka no ku munsi w’iraidi kuko ho barangurura ijwi. Usohotse agiye gusali akagera ku musigiti barangije gusali, Imana imuha ibihembo nk’iby’abakoreye iswala kugihe. Imvugo yakiriwe na ABU HURAY’RAT Imana imwishimire yaragize iti: Intumwa y’Imana Muhamadi (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) iragira iti “Uzisukura (uzatawadha) agatunganya isuku ye neza, nyuma akerekeza ku musigititi agasanga barangije gusali, Imana imuha ibyiza nk’iby’abamaze gusali, nta na kimwe igabanyijeho“.

KWIKIRIZA UBUSABE UVUGA “AMINA”:

Bikorwa mu byiciro bibiri:

1. Hagati mu isengesho nyuma yo gusoma SURATUL FATIHAT kuri Imamu na Maamuma babikorera icyarimwe, naho usari ku giti cye na we iyo arangije Suratul Fatihat avuga AMINA.
2. No kuri QUNUTI ku masengesho y’umugereka (WIT’RI) no gusaba mu bihe by’amakuba.
3. Hanze y’isengesho nyuma yo gusoma SURATUL FATIHAT, haba k’usoma ndetse n’uwumviriza usoma no gusaba DUA muri rusange nk’iduwa yo ku iswala y’ijuma cyangwa gusaba imvura cyangwa se igihe cy’ubwirakabiri n’ibindi. 

   KUBAMA K'UWIBAGIWE MU ISENGESHO (SIJIDATU SAHAWU) 

4. Sijidatu Sahawu: Ni igikorwa gikorwa n’uwagize icyo yibagirwa mu iswala ye, akubama inshuro ebyiri mu iswala z’itegeko cyangwa iz’imigereka. Bikorwa nyuma yo kurangiza gusoma Atahiyatu na mbere yo gutanga salamu.

   Impamvu uko kubama kwashyizweho:

   Imana Nyagasani yaremye abantu ibaremana kwibagirwa, kandi Shitani ihora ikoresha uko ishoboye kugira ngo yibagize usenga, yongere, agabanye cyangwa agire ugushidikanya mu byo amaze gukora; niyo mpamvu Imana yashyiriyeho usenga kubama inshuro ebyiri igihe yagize icyo yongera, agabanya cyangwa akekeranya mu isengesho rye, kugira ngo Shitani ibigiremo igihombo kuko itageze ku migambi yayo, no kugira ngo uko kubama kuzibe icyuho cy’ibituzuye mu isengesho, kandi umugaragu anezeze Uwiteka amwubamira. Kwibagirwa mu isengesho byabaye no ku Ntumwa y’Imana (Imana imuhe amahoro n’imigisha) kubera ko nayo ifite kamere isanzwe y’abantu harimo no kwibagirwa; nk’uko yibagiwe mu isengesho maze aravuga ati “Mu by’ukuri nanjye ndi umuntu kimwe na mwe, ndibagirwa nk’uko na mwe mwibagirwa, igihe nibagiwe mujye munyibutsa“. Yakiriwe na Bukhariy na Muslim.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      IMPAMVU ZITUMA HABAHO KUBAMA BYO KWIBAGIRWA (SIJDAT SAH’WI) NI ESHATU:  

1. Kongera mu iswala: Nko kongera iraka ya gatanu mu isengesho ifite ry’iraka enye. Kugabanya: nko kureka kimwe mu byangombwa by’isengesho nko gusali iraka eshatu mu isengssho rifite iraka
2. Kugabanya: Nko kureka kimwe mu byangombwa by’isengesho nko gusali iraka eshatu mu isengesho rifite iraka enye. 
3. Gushidikanya: Ni ugushidikanya hagati y’ibintu bibiri wibaza icyaba cyabaye muri byo. Gushidikanya bishobora kuba mu kongera cyangwa mu kugabanya: Nko kuba usali yakeka ko yakoze iraka eshatu cyangwa enye.